数控车床自动回转刀架机电系统设计（含CAD图纸）

摘 要

自动回转刀架是数控机床的重要组成部分，它有效地提高了劳动生产率，缩短了生产准备时间，消除人工误差提高加工精度和加工精度的一致性等。但是传统的普通车床换刀的速度慢、精度不高，生产效率低，不能适应现代化生产的需要。所以为了提高生产率、改善产品质量以及改善劳动条件必须对自动回转刀架进行改进。

本文对数控车床自动回转刀架的机电系统的相关内容进行分析，研究数控车床刀架的组成和工作原理，对普通机床的换刀装置进行改进，使该装置具有自动松开、转位、精密定位等功能。此次主要完成自动回转刀架的机械部分和电气部分的设计。机械部分为对其组成的各个机械部件进行计算与选用，电气部分为编制刀架自动转位控制软件。设计的数控換刀装置功能更强，换刀装置通过刀具快速自动定位，可以提高数控车床的效率，缩短加工时间；同时其可靠性更稳定，结抅简单。

关键词: 自动回转刀架，换刀装置，机电系统，电气控制

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Design of automatic turret mechanical and electrical system of

CNC lathes Abstract

The automatic turret is an important part of CNC lathe. It improved labor productivity and shorten the production time, eliminate human error, the improvement of the machining accuracy and consistency of precision. Though conventional ordinary lathe tool change slowly, low accuracy, low productivity. It cannot adapt to the needs of modern production. Therefore, we must be improved the automatic turret in order to increase productivity, improve product quality and improve working.

This rotary tool holder for CNC lathe electrical and mechanical systems related content study, study the composition and working principle of CNC lathes turret and improve the tool changerthe of general machine tools, so that the device has an automatic release, transfer, precision positioning and other functions. This time we should completion of the design of automatic turret’s the mechanical parts and electrical parts. Mechanical part is composed of various mechanical calculation and selection of parts, electrical parts is preparation of the turret automatically transfer of the control software, automatic indexing turret. Design of more powerful CNC tool changer, tool changer quickly through the automatic positioning tool can improve the efficiency of CNC lathes and shorten the processing time; while its reliability is more stable, the structure is simpler.

Keywords: Automatic turret Tool changer Electro-Mechanical Systems Electrical control

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目 录

1绪 论 ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1自动回转刀架的设计背景 .................................................................................... 1 1.2自动回转刀架的市场分析 .................................................................................... 2 1.3设计自动回转刀架的意义 .................................................................................... 2 2自动回转刀架总体设计 ............................................................................................... 3 2.1总体方案的确定 .................................................................................................... 3 2.2减速机传动机构的确定 ........................................................................................ 4 2.3刀体锁紧与精定位机构的确定 ............................................................................ 5 2.4抬起机构的确定 .................................................................................................... 5 3自动回转刀架机械部分设计 ....................................................................................... 6 3.1自动回转刀架的工作原理 .................................................................................... 6 3.2蜗轮及蜗杆的设计及校核 .................................................................................... 8 3.2.1蜗杆的选型 ..................................................................................................... 9 3.2.2蜗杆副的材料 ............................................................................................... 10 3.2.3按齿面接触疲劳强度进行设计 ................................................................... 10 3.3蜗轮及蜗杆的主要参数与几何尺寸 .................................................................. 12 3.4螺杆的主要参数与几何尺寸 .............................................................................. 14 3.4.1螺杆的设计计算 ........................................................................................... 14 3.5蜗杆轴的设计 ...................................................................................................... 15 3.5.1蜗杆轴的材料选择，确定许用应力........................................................... 15 3.5.2按扭转强度初步估算轴的最小直径........................................................... 15 3.5.3确定各轴段的直径和长度 ........................................................................... 16 3.5.4蜗杆轴的校核 ............................................................................................... 17 3.6蜗杆轴的轴承选用 .............................................................................................. 21 4自动回转刀架电气部分设计 ..................................................................................... 22 4.1硬件电路设计 ...................................................................................................... 22 4.2控制软件设计 ...................................................................................................... 25

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4.2.180C31单片机及其引脚说明 ........................................................................ 26 4.2.2 静态存储器6264的特性 ............................................................................ 28 4.2.3 2764只读存储器的特性 .............................................................................. 28 4.2.4 可编程并行I/O接口芯片8255的特性 . …… 此处隐藏：4412字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……