基于不同能耗计算方法的中美建筑节能标准差异性分析_彭建

摘要

建筑能耗模拟是一个复杂的系统工程，涉及到软件的选择、实际建筑的建模及参数的输入等。能耗模拟软件作为绿色建筑评价手段及工具，在绿色建筑评价过程中起到重要的作用。目前众多的建筑能耗模拟软件，由于开发人员考虑的问题的不同，致使软件之间存在较大的差异，从而会对绿色建筑能效评价结果产生影响。

本文采用中美常用的DeST，eQUEST，IES三个能耗模拟软件，建立典型建筑模型，通过模拟结果，分析三个软件在能耗模拟方面的差异。研究发现三个软件在冷负荷计算方法、室内辐射换热模型上的不同是造成能耗模拟结果差异性的主要原因。具体体现在：（1）非透明围护结构的瞬时得热引起冷负荷的热模型不同。在无窗户及室外气象条件相同的情况下，以IES的模拟结果为基准，DeST 与其最大正偏差达到了38.8%，eQUEST与其最大正偏差达到14.8%。（2）透过外窗的太阳辐射得热形成冷负荷热模型不同。在室外气象条件相同、外墙及屋顶太阳辐射吸收系数为零的情况下，以eQUEST模拟结果为比较基准，DeST与其最大正偏差为35.4%，IES与其最大正偏差为15.0%。

对比中美两国绿色建筑节能标准，选取九个能耗影响因子进行单因子影响程度分析。定量分析三个软件的能耗影响因子对建筑能耗的影响程度，并拟合了其关系式。对三个软件的模拟结果进行分析和对比后发现，围护结构热工参数因子，主机性能系数因子及室外气象参数因子的变化对建筑能耗的影响较大，风机效率因子，水泵效率因子，室内设计温度因子及室内送风温差因子的变化对建筑能耗影响次之，而照明密度因子及人员密度因子的变化对建筑能耗影响最弱。同时对比《公共建筑节能设计标准》及ASHRAE90.1-2007规定参数下的建筑的能耗量，发现两部标准在建筑节能方面的侧重点不同，如《公共建筑节能设计标准》侧重于通过室内人员密度来提高建筑节能性能，而ASHRAE90.1-2007则将围护结构热工参数，主机性能系数等作为建筑节能的重点。该研究结果对建筑的节能设计及改造提供了依据。

以万科总部为例，对比三个软件在中美绿色建筑节能指标评价上的差异。参照中国建筑节能标准时，DeST计算的节能率为33.7%，eQUEST为34.56%，IES 为32.30%，均满足中国《绿色建筑评价标准》中节能评价指标的规定；参照美

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国建筑节能标准，DeST计算的节能率为21.6%，eQUEST为23.35%，IES为20.17%，LEED得分分别为3分，4分，3分。

关键词：绿色建筑标准，能耗模拟软件，能耗影响因子，节能率

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Abstract

Abstract

Building energy simulation is a complex systematic project, involving softwares selection, building model setting and parameters input.Energy consumption simulation softwares are the assessment methods and tools for the green building, play an important role on the process of green building assessment, and have an significant impact on evaluation results of the green building energy efficiency.At present, there has been a tremendous kinds of energy consumption simulation softwares, however, large discrepancies between different energy consumption simulation softwares due to what the devoloper focus on is different, which will have a impact on evaluation results of green building energy efficiency.

This paper is based on three kinds of energy consumption simulation softwares including DeST，eQUEST and IES which are applied usually in Amercia and China, setting up a typical building model, and the energy comsuption simulation discrepancies are analyzed between three softwares through the simulation results. It is found that the calculation method of cooling load, the indoor radiation heat transfer model were main reasons which result in the discrepancies of three softwares. The discrepancies are following: Firstly, the cooling load thermal models caused by instantaneous heat gain of non-transparent envelope structures are different. Take the IES simulation result for the basis of comparison, the maximum deviation is up to 38.8% between DeST and IES, and is up to 14.8% between eQUEST and IES. Secondly, the cooling load thermal models caused by solar radiation heat gain through exterior windows. Take the eQUEST simulation result for the basis of comparison, the maximum deviation is up to 35.4% between DeST and eQUEST, and is up to 14.8% between IES and eQUEST.

By comparing energy-saving standard for building between China and America, nine energy comsuption influencing factors are selected, and the singe factor account for the impact for the simulation result is analysed. Meanwhile, the impact of energy comsuption influencing factors for three softwares on building energy consumption are quantitative analyzed, and relations of three softwares between energy comsuption

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influencing factors and building energy comsuption are obtained. it is found that the change of the building envelope thermal coefficient, host performance coefficient and the out door meteorological parameters coefficient have the greatest impact on building energy consumption by the simulation results of three software comparison analysis, and then the fan and pump efficiency coefficient, design temperature of indoor and supply air temperature difference of indoor have great impact on building energy comsuption, the light density and occupancy density coefficient have the weakest influence. At the same time, the energy consumptions of parameters provided by Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Pubilc Building and ASHRAE90.1-2007 are contrasted, and it is found out that the focus of two standards are different, for example, building energy efficiency is improved from occupancy density and indoor air temperature difference by Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Pubilc Building, but ASHRAE90.1-2007 considers building envelope thermal coefficient and host performance coefficients as building energy efficiency focal points. This study provides a basis for the design and reformation of energy efficiency in building. Then, take the Wanke headquarters building for example, and the difference of energy-saving indexs between three softwares with reference of Amercian and Chinese green building evaluation standards are contrasted. With reference of building energy efficiency standards in China, the results indicated that the energy-saving rate are 33.70% for DeST, 34.56% for eQUEST, 32.30% for IES, and all meet the energy-saving indexs of Green Building Evaluation Sta …… 此处隐藏：16514字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……