Genomicchapter1基因组学第一章

Genomics

Jumin Tu jtu@9393cd0116fc700abb68fca8

Yinbo Gan ygan@9393cd0116fc700abb68fca8

Department of Agronomy

College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University

Contents

Genome

Referring to the molecular and genetic basis of the genome

Genome research

Referring to the methods and progresses in genome research

References

Genomes 3: Brown T.A.，2007.

Genes IX: Benjamin Lewin, 2009.

Genomics (2nd edition): Jinshui Yang, 2007. Functional Genomics: Zhiqian Xu, 2007.

Part One：Genome Genome Structure

Genome Replication

Genome Expression

Part One：Genome Genome Cloning

Genome Regulation

Genome Recombination

Part Two: Genome research

Structural Genomics

Functional Genomics

Comparative Genomics

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Milestone of Genetics and Genomics The discovery of the laws of Mendelian Inheritance （Mendelian, 1866）

DNA was proved to be the genetic material in humans and almost all other organisms (Hershey and Chase，1928)

DNA double helix structure (Watson and Crick, 1953), Map of genetic code（Nirenberg , 1958）

Development of DNA recombinant technology（1973）

Milestone of Genetics and Genomics DNA can be sequenced (Sander, 1977)

Genome can be sequenced (1997)

Human Genome Project (HGP) set the foundation

for Genomics (1990)

Genome research has become the core of

biomedicine and botany research

What is Genome ?

In modern molecular biology and genetics, the Genome is the entirety of an organism's hereditary information

It is encoded either in DNA or, for many types of virus, in RNA. The genome includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences of the DNA/RNA.

Origin of Genome

The term was adapted in 1920 by Hans Winker, Professor of Botany at the University of Hamburg, Germany. The Oxford English Dictionary suggests the name to be a blend of the words gene and chromosome.

the term was used to indicate the chromosome or total DNA sequences in all organisms.

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What is Genomics ?

Genomics is the study of the genomes of organisms. The field includes intensive efforts to determine the entire DNA sequence of organisms and fine-scale genetic mapping efforts.

Genomics was first used by T. Roderick in 1986，used to generalize the genome mapping, sequencing and analysis of genome functions.

Research topics of Genomics

Three topics

Genomics and Biology：To study the structure and function of genome

Genomics and Health: Biomedical Research

Genomics and Society：To promote the application of genomics, maximize the benefits and minimize the the side effect

Major challenges in Genomics

To characterize the structures and functions of human genome

Better understanding the knowledge of heritable genetic variations in human genome

Apply new knowledge of gene and metabolic pathway to develop new effecive methods for human disease treatment

Major challenges in Genomics To explain the mechanism of evolution and variation among different species

To clone and characterize the key functional genes in crop

Using genomics tools to increase the crop yield and resolve the food crisis in the world

Chapter 1 Genome Structure

Genome Structure:

The distribution and arrangement of

different gene functional region on

chromosome

Cytoplasm

Nucleus Cytoplasm

Chapter 1. Genome Structure 1.1 Structure of DNA

1.2 Structure of Prokaryotic Genomes

1.3 Structure of Eukaryotic Genomes

1.4 Virus Genome Structure

1.5 Organelles Genome

Section One: Structure of DNA Genes are made of DNA

Advantages of DNA as the genetic material DNA Function Advantages over RNA

Structrues of DNA and RNA

Primary structure of DNA and RNA Secondary structure of DNA DNA Supercoiled structure

DNA Denaturation and Renaturation

20Section One: Structure of DNA

Two important experiments suggested that genes are made of DNA Oswald Avery :the transforming principle Hershey-Chase:

Radioactive labeling experiments

1. Gene are made of DNA

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