自考英语国家概况汇总版

Chapter 1Land and People

一、本章知识点

1.重点：① Different names for Britain and its parts

2.难点、考点：① Britain‘s official name

② British Commonwealth

三、课本内容

（一）Different names for Britain and its parts Strictly speaking, the British Isles, Great Britain and England are all geographical names.

1. The British Isles are made up of two large islands and hundreds of small islands.（see map of UK）The two large islands are Great Britain and Ireland. Great Britain is the larger of these two islands.

2. ★The official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. But it is too much of a mouthful to say such a long name for a country, so people just say Britain, the United Kingdom or simply U.K.

（UK）capital: London

The Republic of Ireland爱尔兰共和国has been an independent republic since 1949 and its capital is Dublin.

3. There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland, and Wales. England is the largest, most populous and richest, so people tend to use ―England‖ and ―English‖ when they mean ―Britain‖ and ―British‖.

4. The British Empire大英帝国:one fourth of the world‘s people and one fourth of the world‘s land area.

5. The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in 1931. ★The Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. Member nations are joined together economically and have certain trading arrangements. The Commonwealth has no special powers. The decision to become a member of the Commonwealth is left to each nation.如果出简答,则只需要第一句话.

（二）Others

Geographical Features

1. The United Kingdom is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. The English Channel lies between Britain and France. （p.4）

Taiwan Strait：台湾海峡

2. ―Chunnel‖: channel + tunnel, opened to traffic in 1994. （p.5）

Smog: smoke +fog Mortel: motor +hotel Kidult: kid +adult

3. The highest mountain in Britain: Ben Nevis, 1,343m in Scotland. （p.6）

The longest river: the Severn River （338 km）

The second largest and most important river: the Thames River（336 km）（p.7）

4. 90% of the population is urban and only 10% is rural. （p.11）

5. The English are Anglo-Saxons 盎格鲁撒克逊人, but the Scots, Welsh and Irish are Celts凯尔特人. （p.12）

四、总结①Britain‘s official name ② British Commonwealth

Chapter 2The Origins of a Nation （5000 BC – AD 1066）

一、本章知识点

1.重点：① Arrival and settlement of the Celts② Basis of modern English race: the Anglo-Saxons③The Viking and Danish invasions④King Alfred and his contributions⑤The Norman Conquest and its consequences

2.难点、考点：①the Anglo-Saxons:

Heptarchy七王国; foundation of the English

state② King Alfred③ Norman Conquest

三、课本内容

（一）Arrival and settlement of the Celts

（p.17）

1. began to arrive about 700 BC

2. originally have come from eastern

and central Europe, now France, Belgium

and southern Germany

3. three main waves——1st. Gaels盖尔

人, about 600 BC; 2nd. Brythons布列吞人,

400 BC, （Britain）; 3rd. Belgae比利其人,

150 BC, （Belgium）.Gaelic：盖尔语

4. The Celtic tribes are ancestors of

Highland Scots, the Irish and the Welsh,

and their languages are the basis of both

Welsh and Gaelic.

5. Religion: Druidism: The Celts‘

religion was Druidism. The Druids

worshipped and performed their rites in

woods by the light of the moon.

6. Roman Britain （55 BC – AD 410）

p.18: British recorded history begins with

the Roman invasion. For nearly 400years

Britain was under the Roman occupation.

The Roman capital was London

（Londinium）.

（二）Basis of modern English race: the

Anglo-Saxons （p.20-23）

1. mid-5th century, three Teutonic tribes:

Jutes朱特人（from southern Denmark）,

Saxons, and Angles（both from northern

Germany）; Angles were to give their name

to the English people.

2. ★Heptarchy七王国——seven

principal kingdoms set up by the

Anglo-Saxons: Kent, Essex, Sussex,

Wessex, East Anglia, Marcia and

Northumbria. （英国版的战国七雄）

Monarchy：君主制The Anglo-Saxon tribes

部落were constantly at war with one

another, each trying to get the upper hand,

so that the kingdoms were often broken up

and often pieced together again.

3. In 829, Egbert伯特became an

overlord of all the English.

4. Teutonic日耳曼人的religion: Tiu—war,

Woden—heaven, Thor—Storms,

Freya—Peace

5. St. Augustine奥古斯丁——the first

Archbishop of Canterbury.坎特伯雷大教主

6. ★Anglo-Saxons laid the foundations of

the English state: divide the country into

shires（郡）, later counties; the narrow-strip,

three-field farming system（三田轮作）;

manorial庄园system; Witan（议会）

（council or meeting of the wisemen, 贤人

会议）, the basis of the Privy Council枢密院

which still exists today.

（三）The Viking and Danish invasions

（p.23-24）

1. from the end of 8th century, Norwegian

Vikings and Danes from Denmark 挪威海

盗和丹麦人

2. The Danes gained the ―Danelaw‖（丹麦

法区）, the north and east of England.

3. The Witan chose Canute, the Danish

Leader, as king in 1016. Canute made

England part of a Scandinavian empire.

（四）King Alfred and his contributions

1. King of Wessex （871-899）（抗击北欧< …… 此处隐藏：140023字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……