英语教学论复习要点(名词解释、简答)

Making inference

It means ‘reading between the lines’, which is an important reading skill. It

requires the reader to use background knowledge in order to infer the implied

meaning of the author.

Task (in classroom activity)

A task is an activity which requires learners to arrive at an outcome from given

information through some process of thought, and which allows teachers to

control and regulate that process.

Communicative Approach

Communicative Approach is a new method for teaching English compared with

other ones. It is developed on the base of Functional approach. It pays emphasis

on real language communication in language teaching. With communicative

approach, teachers would try to use authentic language materials, to create real

situation in daily life, to make use of information gap and task-based activity to

develop students’ communicative competence.

The connotation（含义）of culture in foreign language teaching

(in the National English Curriculum)

A language has rich cultural connotations. In foreign language teaching, culture

means the history and geography, local conditions and customs, traditional

conventions, life styles and modes, literary and arts, norms of the conduct and values,

etc. of the country whose language is learnt.

The following categories about the countries taking the target language as their native

language:

Communicative Competence

Communicative competence entails knowing not only the language code or the

form of language, but also what to say to whom and how to say it appropriately in any

given situation. Communicative competence includes knowledge of what to say,

whom, how, where, and to whom.

Task-based activity

Task-based activity is a kind of classroom activity often used in communicative

method language teaching. After the teacher assigns a certain task and the students

try to get some information to finish the task through communicating with their

classmates. The students learn the language while using the language in the

process of communication.

Authentic language material

Authentic language material refers to the sort of language material the native

speakers would use to each other. They are written for native speakers to read or

spoken for native speakers to listen to by native speakers. It is not simplified in

any way for the convenience of learners of the language. Such as English novels,

poems, advertisements, films, speeches, programs on radio or TV, news reports,

plays, etc. We advocate English teachers should use authentic language materials

as teaching materials in English teaching.

Communicative approach

Communicative approach is a new method for teaching English compared

with other ones. It is developed on the base of Functional approach. It pays

emphasis on real language communication in language teaching. With

communicative approach, teachers would try to use authentic language materials,

to create real situation in daily life, to make use of information gap and task-based

activity to develop students’ communicative competence.

Information gap

Real communication is often initiated because of the existence of an information

gap. The speaker has got the information which the listener does not know or the

speaker wants to know information the listener has got. The gap of information

between the two communicators is called information gap. The purpose for people

to communicate with other people is to fill the information gap. It’s also an

important concept in communicative approach, for information gap creates the

need and the desire to have real communication. To apply information gap to

language teaching in classroom will be effective to develop students’ language

skills for communication.

The five objectives in the new National English Curriculum are:

1.) Language knowledge — phonetics; vocabulary; grammar; function and topic

2). Language skills — listening; speaking; reading and writing

3). Learning strategies — cognitive strategy; controlling strategy; communicative

strategy and resource strategy.

4). Culture awareness — cultural knowledge; cultural understanding; awareness and

competence of cross-cultural communication

5). Affection and attitude — motivation and interest; self-confidence and strong will;

spirit of cooperation; consciousness of motherland and international prospect

The relationship among the five objectives and functions of each objective

undertaking.

Viewed from the perspective of language learning, language skills ensure the

basic ability to learn the language, language knowledge forms the basis of

comprehensive language, competence, students’ affect and attitude strongly influence

their learning and development, successful learning strategies improve the

effectiveness of students’ learning, and cultural awareness ensures student’s

appropriate use of the language.

The five teaching steps of English classroom teaching are:

Classroom arrangement: ----- to call the students’ attention to the class.

Reviewing and checking: -----to review and check the contents learned before，and set up a bridge between the old knowledge and the new ones. Presentation: ----- to introduce the new materials in different ways. Practicing: ---- to practice and consolidate the new materials.

a. Mechanical practice ---- form-focused practice (language structure)

b. Meaningful practice ---- meaning-focused practice (language usage)

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