语言学导论作业答案

西南语言学导论作业答案

语言学导论作业答案

第一次作业答案

Which of the following is not a design feature of human language? D：Meaningfulness

If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be ______.

C：descriptive

The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure.

错误

Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.

正确

Modern linguistics regards the written language as _____.

C：secondary

A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time.

错误

Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive. 错误

Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _____ and meanings.

B：sounds

Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. B：True

_____ is the study of meaning in language.

D:Semantics

The branch of linguistic study called _____ is concerned with how speakers use the sentences of a language to achieve effective and successful communication.

B:pragmatics

When language is used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas, it serves a _____ function.

D:phatic

By _____, we mean language can refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker.

C:displacement

Language serves the ________ function when it is used to express the speaker's feeling or attitude or to arouse a certain feeling or attitude in the hearer.

C:emotive

Foreign language learners' errors may be caused by ________.

D:all the above three

西南语言学导论作业答案

Which one of the following statements does not account for the primacy of speech over writing in linguistic analysis? _______

B:Speech is more complex than writing.

A ______ is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an affix can be added.

C:stem

_____ studies the changes in language and language use with respect to social factors.

A:Sociolinguistics

_____ are produced when the nasal passage is opened by lowering the soft palate ant the back of the throat and the air is allowed to pass through it. C:Nasals

Of the following sounds, ______ is a rounded vowel.

B: [u:]

Which of the following statements is FALSE:

A : Language is just for communication.

There are ______ morphemes in the word "policemen".

B:three

The syllabic structure of the word "children" is ______.

A:CVCCVC

第二次作业答案

Some languages are inferior, or superior, to other languages. 正确答案：错误

For the vast majority of children, language development occurs spontaneously and requires little conscious instruction on the part of adults.

正确答案：正确

Observations of children in different language areas of the world reveal that the developmental stages are similar, possibly universal, whatever the nature of the input.

正确答案：正确

Language use varies from one speech community to another, from one regional group to another, from one social group to another, and even from one individual to another.

正确答案：正确

A person’s social backgrounds do not exert a shaping influence on his choice of linguistic features.

正确答案：错误

Two speakers of the same language or dialect use their language or dialect in the same way.

正确答案：错误

The standard language is a better language than nonstandard languages.

西南语言学导论作业答案

正确答案：错误

Pidgins are linguistically inferior to standard languages.

正确答案：错误

Bilingualism and diglossia mean the same thing.

正确答案：错误

The kind of name or term speakers use to call or refer to someone may indicate something of their social relationship to or personal feelings about that individual.

正确答案：正确

Derivation refers to the process by which new words are formed by the addition of affixes to the roots, stems, or words.

正确答案：正确

Hyponymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.

正确答案：错误

“Smog” is a word formed by the word-forming process called acronymy.

正确答案：错误

Both semantics and pragmatics study how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication.

正确答案：错误

Pragmatics treats the meaning of language as something intrinsic and inherent.

正确答案：错误

What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considered.

正确答案：正确

The Cooperative Principle is advanced by Paul Grice.

正确答案：正确

The distinction between competence and performance is proposed by Halliday.

正确答案：错误

Componential analysis is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features. 正确答案：正确

“alive” and “dead” are complementary antonyms.

正确答案：正确

第三次作业答案

1 Morphemes that may constitute words by themselves are ______. Free morphemes or Content morphemes

2 Words which consist more than one free morphemes are called _____. transparent words

西南语言学导论作业答案

3 Morphemes that can not occur alone are called _________. bound morphemes

4 A ____ is the base form of a word that cannot further be analyzed without total loss of identity Root

5 ______ affixes do not change the word class of the word they attach to. Inflectional

6 An ______ is the collective term for the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme. Affix

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