大学语言学考试1-7章 试题和答案

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12 maximal onset principle states that when there is a choice as to where to place a consonant. it is put into the onset rather than the coda. E.g. The correct syllabification of the word country should be //. It shouldn t be // or // according to this principle.

第一章，填空

1. The study of the meaning of lingustic words, phrases is called semantics.

2. Displacement is a design feature of human language that enables speakers to talk about a wild range of things free from barriers caused by

4. Morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of language.

5. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be descriptive.

6. Chomsky defines“competence” as the ideal user's knowledge of the rules of his language.

7. Language is a means of verbal communication. It is informative in that communicating by speaking or writing is a purposeful act.

8. The link between a linguistic sign and its meaning is a matter of ???

9. Language is distinguished from traffic lights in that the former has the designing feature of duality.

10. In linguistics research, both quantity and quality approaches are preferred.

判断：

11. The writing system of a language is always a later invention used to record speech,

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thus there are still many languages in today's have no .... √

12. According to Chomsky, the word “competence” is not limited to the ability of an ideal native speaker to construct and recognize.×

13. Duality and cultural transmission are two most important design features of human language.×

14. Chomsky's competence' and performance are similar in meaning to Saussure s langue and parole.√

15,An important difference between traditional grammarians and modern linguists in their study of language is that the former tended to over-emphasize the written form of language and encourage people to imitate the“best authors”for language usage √

is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a of reasons.√

17. Modern linguistics is mainly diachronic.× chochronic共时的

18. Langue and parole is the fundamental distinction discussed by Chomsky in his Aspects of the Theory of Syntax.F

19.Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics as Parole and language. √

20. According to Chomsky, the task of a linguist is to determine from the data of performance the underlying system of rules that has been √

选择:

1. As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyse the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for correct linguistic behavior, it is said to be descriptive

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2. I can refer to Confucius even though he was dead 2000 years ago. This shows that language has the design feature of displacement.

3. “Don t end a sentence with a preposition.” this is an example of prescriptive rules. 4. Which of the following is most referred to as a branch of the study of meaning in context.Pragmatics

5. The synchronic study of language takes a fixed instant as its point of observation.

6. The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called pragmatics.

7. The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is A??没照下图片arbitrary

8. diachronic study.

9. 题目没照下来。答案为：principles-and-parameters theory

10. Chomsky uses the terms competence to refer to actual realization of a language user s knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic...

11. Transformationl Generative Grammar was introduced by N.Chomsky in 1957.

12. 题目没拍下来，答案morphology.

13. According to Chomsky, competence is the ideal user s internalized knowledge of his language.

14. The famous quotation from Shakespeare s play “Romeo and Juilet”. “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet” well illustrate conventional nature

15.没拍到over various periods of time 历时diachronic

16. Linguistic is the scientific study of human language in genenral

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17. Pragmatics is a study of _____ (D)

A: Language learning

B: Language acquisition

C: Language planning

D: Language in use

18. A linguist is interested in ____ (B)

A: What is said

B: What is right both in syntax and in semantics

C: What is grammatical

D: What ought to be said

19. _____ has been widely accepted as the forefather of modern linguistics (B)

A: Chomsky

B: Saussure

20. The fact that the well-known Liu San Jie features a scence of “dui ge ” (song dueling ) mostly for the sheer joy of playing on ____ function of language. (B)

A: phatic communion

B. recreational

C: emotive

D: informative

21. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn t it?” is ____. (B)

A: informative

B: phatic交流感情的

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C: directive

D: performative

24. “Tree” in English, “arbre” in French and “木” in Japanese all refer to the same thing, which indicates that language is _arbitrary____ (任意)

25. The ____ function of language is primarily to use language to talk about language itself. (D)

A: performative

B: interpersonal

C: informative

D: meta-language

26. Displacement benefits human beings by giving them the power to handle ___(B) A: arbitrariness and creativity

B: generalizations and …..

名词解释

1. Language

2. design features

3. competence & performance