物联网技术的应用及发展研究最新外文文献翻译(2)

3.3 The design requirements of Internet of things

Mentioned before the Internet of things, it is using electronic technology to the physical world of awareness and control network. This has also led to the Internet of things with the traditional numerical computing systems and the Internet data transmission network system has different characteristics and requirements.

(1) Ensure real-time performance

The numerical simulation of numerical calculation, Internet of things different from traditional problem itself may not be directly brought about changes in the physical world. But the errors of a control instruction in the Internet of things or delay a disaster may directly result in physical space. In smart grid, for example, if an error control instruction is to control equipment in the grid, small causes energy waste, is can cause paralysis of the grid. The error here includes both the wrong instruction,

also including the correct instruction at the wrong time to control equipment. In other words, the real time in the Internet of things than the traditional Internet and numerical calculation system has a higher request. The design of the Internet of things should be as guarantee for real-time important consideration.

(2) Privacy promise

The emergence of the Internet of things technology makes the collection of information easier. Perception of physical space object will more or less involve in the privacy of all kinds of people. Iot will cover these private data is connected to the network, it is possible to make these data are all types of users to access remotely. How to safeguard the privacy of data is not abused and theft, this is the Internet of things another design factors must be considered.

(3) Calculation to the nears

In the Internet of things because of the continuous perception of the physical world, the amount of data and therefore is great. Under the traditional centralized data processing for the Internet of things of huge amounts of data may no longer apply. Illegal vehicle tracking, for example, found accident vehicles, such as somewhere we hope in a wider range of the car to track. One option is to all video monitoring data set to the data center. But the time delay of the data set itself will be longer, to the network bandwidth requirement is high. This scheme is difficult. To ensure real-time performance, but also to save resources, it is better near the camera video data analysis and calculation, the identification of license plate and movement track, avoid the time delay of data transmission and network bandwidth, so as to improve timeliness and network efficiency. Similarly, in the field of smart grid wide-area control, similar problems also exist, all the analyses focused on monitoring data to the data center, and then send the result to the remote, the optical signal transmission time needed for this process is likely to exceed system control limit is allowed. In this case, the calculation to the nearest has become a necessity.

译文

物联网技术的应用及发展研究

Marisa D

摘要

物联网被认为是通过信息技术进行监测、分析和控制的网络，在延伸人类的感知控制能力方面潜力巨大。大量物联网研究工作已经开展，许多物联网示范系统也被开发，并取得了显著应用效果。但同时，物联网当前的发展也面临着一些根本性的问题：物联网有什么特殊需求必须满足？当前物联网技术处于什么阶段？物联网的发展方向在哪里？这些问题值得探讨。本文回顾了互联网发展的历程，并根据互联网发展经验，分析物联网的现状，提出物联网当前处于“物－机”相连的局部小规模物网阶段，其发展方向应是相连众多小规模“物网”的开放大网，即“物联网”。基于这一思路，提出称之为WInternet的物联网设计，并介绍了其总体架构、工作模式和协议体系，同时也探讨了若干其他值得进一步研究的问题。

关键词：物联网；管道协议；云计算；技术应用

1 引言

近年来，物联网的发展受到了高度重视，学术界、工业界、政府对物联网的发展给予极大关注。物联网被认为是可以将数以亿计的物理世界对象连接起来，通过信息技术进行监测、分析和控制的网络，在延伸人类的感知控制能力方面潜力巨大。大量物联网研究工作已经开展，许多物联网示范系统也被开发，并取得了显著应用效果。但同时，当前物联网的发展也面临的若干问题，特别是各类物联网普遍以“物－机”相连的“物网”的形式存在，虽然实现了各类物理对象在局部范围的物－机相连，但不同“物网”之间的感知和控制设备资源共享不足。而且由于现有“物－机”相连的物网普遍基于专用的协议、面向专业需求定制，造成物网的不够开放，难以互联互通。实现各类物网的互联互通应是物联网发展趋势所在。 2 互联网发展历史及经验总结

2.1电子设备网络系统

早在１９世纪至２０世纪，电子设备组成的网络原型已经出现。如当时的电话网络、电报网络以及其他各类专用网络系统。现在回头来看，这些网络都被互联网逐步取而代之，其原因值得深思。分析早期的这些网络系统可以发现，它们普遍具备如下特点：

（1）垂直集成，紧密耦合

这些网络系统的硬件、软件以及运行的上层应用大多数是归一个所有者拥有。网络系统内各个组成部分的集成大多是由该所有者内部的人员独立完成，网络系统内各个部分紧密耦合。

（2）专用协议，难以互通

在这些网络系统内部的交互协议往往是根据各个所有者的具体需求，为了更好优化和利用各类设备器件进行专门设计。不同的所有者出于知识产权和利益保护考虑，往往将协议核心部分加以隐藏，造成各个不同的网络系统之间难以互通。这种“垂直集成、专用协议”的方法满足了各个网络系统所有者的优化资源和利益保护的具体需求，但同时也直接导致了早期电子设备网络的若干问题。

（3）资源共享困难

由于每一个电子设备网络系统普遍是采用“垂直集成”方式构造，网络系统内各类电子设备和软件也往往只能为本网络系统用户使用。比如在早期的电话网络系统中，多个电话公司都独立铺设各自的电话线路，架设相关的电话交换设备，联成相对独立的电话网络。不同的电话网络之间的线路和设备无法共享，造成设备重复购置，资源共享困难。

（4）功能重复实现

另外一个问题就是在不同网络系统中对同样或相似的功能的重复实现，如电话网络中的信令指令和信号编码的实现。功能重复实现直接导致两个结果：一是每个所有者往往都设计和实现所需要的通用性的协议和设备，但由于单个所有者的技术力量所限，各自独立实现不可避免地会延长网络设计和研发时间；二是在时间和人员限制下，功 …… 此处隐藏：4017字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……