The United States of America 美国国家概况

美国国家概况

The United States of America

1. 1787年，《letters from an American farmer》中提出美国民族性的问题。

In 1782, the Frenchman J.Hector St. John de Crevecoeur(赫克托·圣约翰·德克雷夫科尔), who settled in Pennsylvania first asked the question and answered it in his book Letters from an American Farmer(«美国农人书简»).吸取新的思想，形成新的见解).

2. 美国两次人口大迁徙（Two immigration movements to the Americas）

1). From(American Indians, who were mistakenly called by Columbus, moved to the Americas from Asia about 25 000 years ago. They developed their own aboriginal cultures and some of them such as 阿兹台克文化/墨西哥地区), /秘鲁地区）and 玛雅文化/中美洲) were very advanced when Europeans arrived in the New World. But, as a result of European conquest, the Indian population was quickly reduced and their cultures were ruthlessly destroyed.

2). From century.(The discovery of America---- Christopher Columbus, an Italian sailor, believed that by sailing west from Europe he could reach the Far East. In 1492, he persuaded the Spanish monarchy to support his voyage. He landed on one of the Bahama Islands(巴哈马群岛) in the Caribbean Sea and thus “discovered ” the New World. Based on his voyage, the Spanish king claimed the territory of the Americas and later conquered the native Americans and established a huge empire.)

3. 欧洲三大宗教改革(The Religious Reformation)主要人物

Three pioneers in the Religious Reformation宗教改革中的三个领袖

Martin Luther 马丁.路德

John Calvin 约翰.加尔文

King Henry VII 英王亨利七世

4. 新教的特点

They believed that human beings were predestined by God before they were born

Some were God’s chosen people while others were damned to hell. Neither church nor good works could save people. The sign of being God’s elect was the success in his work or the prosperity in his calling. They also argued that everyone must read the Bible in order to find God’s will and establish a direct contact with God. These beliefs had great impact on American culture.

5. 北美殖民地的四种模式

美国国家概况

6. “清教徒先驱”

7. 清教主义的影响

8. 独立战争的起因

9. 波士顿倾茶事件

10. 莱克星敦的枪声

11. 第一二次大陆会议

12. 《独立宣言》的基本原则来自于的基本思想

13. 1783年英国签署承认美国独立

14. 美国宪法的雏形

15. 制宪会议

16. 三权分立

17. 众议院领导人，参议院领导人

18. 总统的职能

19. 最高法院的构成

20. 《权利法案》是宪法前十条修正案

21. 美国两大政党及其象征

22. WASP

23. 约翰·洛克认为管理社会来自社会契约《社会契约论》

24. 美国宪法第一修正案规定

25. 美国三大宗教信仰

26. 美国最大教派

27. 美国最大