经济学原理对应练习 10(2)

a. externalities don't occur in private markets.

b. sellers include costs associated with externalities in the price of their product.

c. decisionmakers in the market fail to include the costs of their behavior to third parties. d. the government cannot easily estimate the optimal quantity of pollution. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative 28. When the government intervenes in markets with externalities, it does so in order to

a. increase production when negative externalities are present. b. protect the interests of bystanders.

c. make certain all benefits are received by market participants. d. reduce production when positive externalities are present. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative

Chapter 10/Externalities ? 393

29. Research into new technologies

a. provides positive externalities because it creates knowledge others can use.

b. results in negative externalities because government funding for research causes less government spending in

other areas.

c. is protected by patent laws, which eliminates the need for government intervention.

d. should only be funded by the corporations that will receive the profits from the research. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative 30. At any given quantity, the willingness to pay in the market for gasoline is reflected in the

a. height of the demand curve at that quantity. b. height of the supply curve at that quantity.

c. value to the producer of the last unit of gasoline sold. d. total quantity of gasoline exchanged in the market. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative 31. The supply curve for a product reflects the

a. willingness to pay of the marginal buyer.

b. quantity buyers will ultimately purchase of the product. c. cost to sellers of producing the product. d. seller's profit from producing the product. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative

32. Without government intervention, the market equilibrium for oranges will

a. maximize the sum of producer and consumer surplus in the market. b. be both efficient and equitable. c. be equitable but not efficient. d. be neither efficient nor equitable. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative

33. Since air pollution creates a negative externality,

a. social welfare will be enhanced when some, but not all air pollution is eliminated. b. social welfare is optimal when all air pollution is eliminated.

c. governments should encourage private firms to consider only private costs. d. the free market result maximizes social welfare. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative 34. The difference between social cost and private cost is a measure of the

a. loss in profit to the seller as the result of a negative externality. b. cost of an externality.

c. cost reduction when the negative externality is eliminated.

d. cost incurred by the government when it intervenes in the market. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative

35. Which of the following statements is correct?

a. Government should tax goods with either positive or negative externalities.

b. Government should tax goods with negative externalities and subsidize goods with positive externalities. c. Government should subsidize goods with either positive or negative externalities.

d. Government should tax goods with positive externalities and subsidize goods with negative externalities. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative

394 ? Chapter 10/Externalities

36. When a market is characterized by an externality, the government

a. can correct the market failure only in the case of positive externalities. b. can correct the market failure only in the case of negative externalities.

c. can correct the market failure in the case of both positive and negative externalities by inducing market

participants to internalize the externality.

d. cannot correct for externalities due to the existence of patents. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 TOP: Externalities MSC: Interpretive

Figure 10-1

37. Refer to Figure 10-1. This graph represents the tobacco industry. The industry creates

a. positive externalities. b. negative externalities. c. no externalities.

d. no equilibrium in the market. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative

38. Refer to Figure 10-1. This graph represents the tobacco industry. Without any government intervention, the

equilibrium price and quantity are a. $1.90 and 38 units, respectively. b. $1.80 and 35 units, respectively. c. $1.60 and 42 units, respectively. d. $1.35 and 58 units, respectively. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative 39. Refer to Figure 10-1. This graph represents the tobacco industry. The socially optimal price and quantity are

a. $1.90 and 38 units, respectively. b. $1.80 and 35 units, respectively. c. $1.60 and 42 units, respectively. d. $1.35 and 58 units, respectively. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative

Chapter 10/Externalities ? 395

40. Refer to Figure 10-1. This graph represents the tobacco industry. If the government uses a pollution tax, how much

of a tax must be imposed on each unit of production? a. $1.90 b. $1.80 c. $1.60 d. $0.30 ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 10-3 TOP: Corrective taxes MSC: Analytical 41. Refer to Figure 10-1. This graph represents the tobacco industry. If the government uses a pollution tax, how much

tax revenue will the government receive? a. $7.00 b. $10.50 c. $63.00 d. $67.20 ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 10-3 TO …… 此处隐藏：7709字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……