经济学原理对应练习 10

Chapter 10 Externalities

Multiple Choice

1. In a market economy, government intervention a. will always improve market outcomes.

b. reduces efficiency in the presence of externalities.

c. may improve market outcomes in the presence of externalities. d. is necessary to control individual greed. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative

2. In the absence of externalities, the \

a. producer profit from that market.

b. total benefit to society from that market. c. both equity and efficiency in that market. d. output of goods or services in that market. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative

3. One advantage market economies have over other types of economies is that market economies

a. provide an equal distribution of goods and services to consumers. b. establish government economic control. c. solve the problem of scarcity. d. are more efficient. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative

4. The term market failure refers to

a. a market that fails to allocate resources efficiently.

b. an unsuccessful advertising campaign which reduces demand. c. ruthless competition among firms.

d. a firm that is forced out of business because of losses. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 TOP: Externalities MSC: Definitional

5. Market failure can be caused by

a. too much competition. b. externalities.

c. low consumer demand. d. scarcity. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 TOP: Externalities MSC: Interpretive

6. An externality is the impact of

a. society's decisions on the well-being of society. b. a person's actions on that person's well-being.

c. one person's actions on the well-being of a bystander. d. society's decisions on the poorest person in the society. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 TOP: Externalities MSC: Definitional

7. The impact of one person's actions on the well-being of a bystander is called

a. an economic dilemma. b. deadweight loss.

c. a multi-party problem. d. an externality. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative

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390 ? Chapter 10/Externalities

8. An externality

a. is a type of market failure.

b. causes markets to allocate resources efficiently.

c. strengthens the role of the “invisible hand” in the marketplace. d. affects producers but not consumers. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 TOP: Externalities MSC: Interpretive

9. Dog owners do not bear the full cost of the noise their barking dogs create and often take too few precautions to

prevent their dogs from barking. Local governments address this problem by a. making it illegal to \

b. having a well-funded animal control department. c. subsidizing local animal shelters. d. encouraging people to adopt cats. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative 10. An externality is

a. the costs that parties incur in the process of agreeing and following through on a bargain. b. the uncompensated impact of one person's actions on the well-being of a bystander.

c. the proposition that private parties can bargain without cost over the allocation of resources. d. a market equilibrium tax. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 TOP: Externalities MSC: Definitional 11. An externality is an example of

a. a corrective tax.

b. a tradable pollution permit. c. a market failure.

d. Both a and b are correct. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative

12. An externality exists whenever

a. the economy can benefit from government intervention. b. markets are not able to reach equilibrium. c. a firm sells its product in a foreign market.

d. a person engages in an activity that influences the well-being of a bystander and yet neither pays nor receives

payment for that effect.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-0 TOP: Externalities MSC: Definitional 13. When externalities are present in a market, the well-being of market participants

a. and market bystanders are both directly affected. b. and market bystanders are both indirectly affected.

c. is directly affected, and market bystanders are indirectly affected. d. is indirectly affected, and market bystanders are directly affected. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-0 TOP: Externalities MSC: Analytical

14. Which of the following statements about a well-maintained yard best conveys the general nature of the externality?

a. A well-maintained yard conveys a positive externality because it increases the home's market value.

b. A well-maintained yard conveys a negative externality because it increases the property tax liability of the owner. c. A well-maintained yard conveys a positive externality because it increases the value of adjacent properties in the

neighborhood.

d. A well-maintained yard cannot provide any type of externality. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-0 TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative

Chapter 10/Externalities ? 391

15. Since restored historic buildings convey a positive externality, local governments may choose to

a. regulation the demolition of them.

b. provide tax breaks to owners who restore them. c. increase property taxes in historic areas. d. Both a and b are correct. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-0 TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative 16. Externalities

a. cause markets to fail to allocate resources efficiently. b. cause equilibrium prices to be too high.

c. benefit producers at the expense of consumers. d. cause equilibrium prices to be too low. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-0 TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative

17. When externalities exist, buyers and sellers

a. neglect the external effects of their actions, but the market equi …… 此处隐藏：7715字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……