太极拳（剑）锻炼与中老年人心理健康的关系

太极拳(剑)锻炼与中老年人心理健康的关系

【摘要】 目的 研究太极拳(剑)锻炼与中老年人心理健康的关系。方法 120名受试者被分为锻炼组和对照组各60例。锻炼组即太极拳(剑)组，对照组为不参加任何形式的身体锻炼活动者，或虽参加锻炼活动但平均每周不足1次者。结果 ①积极锻炼者的心理健康指标明显优于不积极锻炼者。②太极拳(剑)锻炼对于中老年人数字广度的保持具有更积极的意义，表现为见效快，负荷小，非常适合老年人。③身体锻炼对延缓心理衰老的积极作用，可能在于其对参与者注意和意识状态的有效调整。结论 身体锻炼对延缓心理衰老有积极作用。

【关键词】 身体锻炼；心理健康；太极拳

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the relation between Tai Chi Quan(Sword)exercise and mental health of the elderly.Methods 120 subjects were divided into exercise group(60 cases)and control group(60 cases).Exercise group was namely(Sword)group.In the control group，the subjects were persons that didn’t participate any type of Physical exercise activity or those times of exercise activity were less than one every week.Results ①mental health indices of the subjects actively exercising were significantly better than those of the subjects who didn’t actively exercise.②Tai Chi Quan(Sword)exercise had a positive effect on maintenance of the number of the elderly exercising.As early effectiveness and small load，it was very suitable for the elderly.Physical exercise had a positive effect on delaying mental aging，which was possibly caused due to physical exercise effectively regulating attention and consciousness of subjects.Conclusion Physical exercise had a positive effect on delaying mental aging.

【Key words】 Physical exercise；Mental health；Tai Ji Quan

人到中年后，随着年龄的增长和身心功能的衰老，信息加工的速度和容量会呈现下降的趋势，主要表现在反应速度减慢、记忆力下降、注意力功能衰减等方面。而保持良好的认知功能对于中老年人的日常生活和工作具有重要的意义(如避让往来车辆、摆脱突发的危险等)。因此，信息加工能力便成为中老年人心理健康的重要指标[1]。在这方面，身体锻炼的积极意义或许应更多地表现为其对认知功能衰减的延缓作用。

本研究以参加太极拳(剑)锻炼项目的中老年人为实验对象，以反应时、数字广度为测试指标进行研究，探讨身体锻炼方式与信息加工能力的关系。

1对象与方法

1.1对象锻炼组60例，男35例，女25例，平均年龄(60.22±6.60)岁，锻炼年限(9.79±7.79)年，为参加太极拳(剑)锻炼者；对照组60例，男30例，女30例，平均年龄(60.94±7.00)岁，为不参加任何形式的身体锻炼活动者，或虽参加锻炼