初一上学期英语知识点梳理

2008-2009初一上学期英语知识点梳理

冠词

*要点提示：单数可数名词不可单独使用，要在词前加冠词a, an, the或者物主代词(my等)。

请试着从下列例句中找出冠词的使用规律

1. ______ 2. ______ 3. ______ 4. ______ 5. ______ 6. ______ 7. ______ 8. ______ 9. ______ 10. ______ 11. ______ 12. ______ 13. ______ 14. ______ 15. ______

Can I have ______ apple? She is ______ English teacher. ______ car over there is fast. ______ teacher is very good, isn't he? -Look at ______ picture on the wall. Is it nice? -Yes, it’s ______ nice picture I live in ___ house. ______ house is quite old and has four bedrooms. I ate in ___ Chinese restaurant. ______ restaurant was very good. I like ______ Russian tea. She likes reading ______ books. He has ______ breakfast at home. I go to ______ university. He comes to work by ______ taxi. 1

16. ______ He enjoys playing ______ football and ______ piano. 17. ______ The movie theater is on ______ right, opposite ______ clothing store. 18. ______ We have sports meeting in ______ October every year. 19. ______ Teachers’ Day is on ______ September 10.

可数名词复数形式

1. 绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。 读音变化：结尾是清辅音读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。 例：friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces

2. 凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。 读音变化：统一加读[iz]。

例：bus→buses; box→boxes; match→matches; peach→patches

3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。 读音变化：加读[z]。

例：strawberry→strawberries; baby→babies; family→families;

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lady→ladies; story→stories

4. 以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。

读音变化：加读[z]。

例：tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes;

反例：kilo→kilos; piano→pianos（外来词）; photo→photos; 5. 以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。 读音变化：尾音[f]改读[vz]。

例：knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; scarf→scarves 反例：roof→roofs (屋顶) 6. 部分单词的复数形式不变。 读音变化：保持原音。

例：fish→fish; sheep→sheep; cattle→cattle; deer→deer; 7. 没有任何规律。 读音变化：没有规律。

例：man→men; woman→women; child→children; person→people;

foot→feet; goose→geese; tooth→teeth 8. 另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多

例： clothes; pants; shorts;; trousers; sales；scissors剪刀

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9. 复合名词compound nouns，这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示 例：daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law 媳妇; father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父 son-in-law→sons-in-law

10. 除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。 例：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters liter, liters kilogram, kilograms kilos, a pound, a few pounds

不可数名词

例： water; coffee; tea; soda; juice; milk; cooking oil; soup; ketchup; ice cream; flour; sugar; salt; rice; meat; chicken; cheese; soap; butter; salad;

furniture家具; news; traffic交通; bread; garlic; money; food; drink; fruit; vegetable;

若表达具体数目，要借助1. 数量词(具体的数量)和2. 限定词（笼统的数量）

n.(可数) 很多（肯定句） 一些

n.(不可数) A lot of, lots of Some, any, 4

具体数目 one, two, 具体数量 A cup/bowl/bag/bottle/ three,… a dozen, two dozen 一点 A little, a 有几个 bit, 没有多少,Little 很少 很多（否定many 句）

名词与限定词重点 1. ___________ 2. ___________ glass/loaf/bar/piece/stick/ kilogram/pound/liter of A few, several 没有几个，few 很少 很多 much We don’t have much (很多)meat(肉), Can you help to buy a piece of (一块) pork? 3. ___________ 4. ___________ 5. ___________ 6. ___________ 7. ___________ 8. ___________ 5

He takes little (很少) exercise(锻炼), but he has 3 bowls of (三碗) beef rice(米饭) and a bar of (一块) chocolate (巧克力)everyday.