计算机英语刘艺 - 王春生 - 第三版 - 课后答案

Unit One/Section A

I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1. Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron 2. input; output 3. VLSI

4. workstations; mainframes 5. vacuum; transistors 6. instructions; software 7. digit; eight; byte

8. microminiaturization; chip

II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1. artificial intelligence 人工智能 2. paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器 3. optical computer 光计算机

4. neural network 神经网络 5. instruction set 指令集 6. parallel processing 并行处理 7. difference engine 差分机

8. versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件 9. silicon substrate 硅衬底 10. vacuum tube 真空管

11. 数据的存储与处理 the storage and handling of data 12. 超大规模集成电路 very large-scale integrated circuit

13. 中央处理器 central processing unit 14. 个人计算机 personal computer 15. 模拟计算机 analogue computer 16. 数字计算机 digital computer

17. 通用计算机 general-purpose computer 18. 处理器芯片 processor chip

19. 操作指令 operating instructions 20. 输入设备 input device

III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:

We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and

produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital. They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some

indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and abilities.

Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation

computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC (通用自动计算机), introduced in the

early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation

computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation

computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale

integration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generation

computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches

to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.

IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:

计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。语音识别的改进将使计算机的操

作 更加容易。虚拟现实，即使用所有人类官能与计算机进行交互的技术，也将有助于创

建更好的人机接口。人们正在开发其他的奇异计算模型，包括使 用生物机体的生物计算、

使用具有特定属性的分子的分子计算，以及使用遗传基本单位DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）存

储数据和执行操作 的计算。这些都是可能的未来计算平台的例子，而它们迄今还能力有

限或完全属于理论范畴。科学家们研究它们，是因为嵌入硅中的电路的微小型化 受到物

理限制。还有一些限制与甚至最微小的晶体管也会产生的热量有关。

Unit One/Section B

I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1. experimentation