无线传感器网络的节能研究（本科毕业论文）

摘 要

无线传感器网络作为计算、通信和传感器技术相结合的产物，成为计算机科学领域一个活跃的研究分支。其中，针对无线传感器网络路由协议的研究更是研究的重点，因为网络层路由协议的设计直接影响无线传感器网络的整体工作水平和实用化进程。

本文针对无线传感器网络性能特点进行分析研究，并得出无线传感器网络最重要的技术指标是能量衰减。通过对以LEACH 协议和MRPS 协议为代表的分簇路由协议的研究，发现目前所提出的分簇路由协议整体性能还有待进一步改善。因此，本文提出了一种基于区域能量均匀分配的带管理节点的分簇路由协议，该协议综合考虑了网络负载平衡、多跳、节点密度、节点剩余能量和数据融合等因素，利用能量无限制的汇聚节点以集中式方式进行分簇，将整个监测区域固定划分为多个小区域，每个小区域作为一个簇，并且在每个簇内引入一个管理节点。管理节点负责定时查询簇头节点的状态，并且以分布式方式实现簇头的重新选举，避免了每轮分簇阶段的能量消耗。

本文详细描述了所提出路由协议的实现过程，对其性能进行了理论分析，理论分析表明该协议比LEACH 协议和MRPS 协议延长了网络的生命周期，具有更好的整体性能和实用价值。

关键词：无线传感器网络；分簇；路由协议；节能；数据融合

Abstract

As a result of the combination of low power computing, wireless communication and micro sensor technology, wireless sensor networks have become an active branch of the researches in computer science. Among these studies, research against the routing protocols is a hotspot, because it will have a direct influence on the working level and the practicability of the wireless sensor networks.

This paper analyzes the routing protocols of wireless sensor networks that the most important skill is to reduce the using of energy. However, through the researches against the cluster-based routing protocols represented by LEACH and MRPS, we find that the performance of the cluster-based protocols is needed to be improved. On this basis, we propose a cell-based cluster routing protocol with monitoring node, which comprehensively considered factors such as load-balanced of network, multi-hops, dandify of nodes, energy of nodes left, data aggregation and so on. This protocol clusters the monitoring district into fixed cells by the sink node whose energy can be recharged in a centralized way. A cell is considered as a cluster, and every cluster has a monitoring node in charge of queering the status of the cluster head at scheduled time and presiding the electing of the cluster head in a distributed way, avoiding the energy consumption in the phase of cluster forming every round.

This paper describes the proposed protocol in detail and gives a theoretical analysis on the performance of the proposed protocol. The theoretical analysis result demonstrate that the proposed protocol prolongs the lifetime of the network comparing with LEACH protocol and MRPS protocol and has a great use value.

Keywords: wireless sensor network, cluster, routing protocol, energy-efficient, data aggregation

目 录

第1章 概述 ............................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 无线传感器网络 ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 无线传感器网络节点结构 ....................................................................................... 3 1.3 无线传感器的协议栈 ............................................................................................... 3 1.4 无线传感器网络节点能耗分析 ............................................................................... 5 1.5 本课题的研究目的 ................................................................................................... 6 1.6 本文的主要工作 ....................................................................................................... 6 第2章 无线传感器路由协议 ................................................................................................. 8

2.1 无线传感器网络路由协议 ....................................................................................... 8 2.2 无线传感器网络路由协议设计要求 ....................................................................... 9 2.3 无线传感器网络分簇算法基本概念 ....................................................................... 9

2.3.1 平面路由协议 ............................................................................................... 9 2.3.2 分簇路由协议 ............................................................................................. 10 2.3.3 分簇算法基本目标及其性能评价 ............................................................. 12 2.3.4 分簇路由协议性能分析 ............................................................................. 12 2.4 LEACH 协议 .......................................................................................................... 13

2.4.1 LEACH算法 ............................................................................................... 13 2.4.2 分簇阶段 ..................................................................................................... 14 2.4.3 稳定数据通信阶段 ..................................................................................... 15 2.4.4 LEACH 协议特点 ...................................................................................... 15 2.5 MRPS协议 .............................................................................................................. 16 第3章 EDEBCRP-MN协议设计 ....................................................................................... 19

3.1 EDEBCRP-MN 协议假设条件 ............................................................................. 19 3.2 EDEBCRP-MN 协议无线通信模型 ..................................................................... 19 3.3 EDEBCRP-MN 协议分簇阶段 ............................................................................. 20

3.3.1 管理节点的引入 .................................................... …… 此处隐藏：6588字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……