跨文化交际复习资料 - 图文

U1

Economic globalization: the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration迁移；移民；移动, and the spread of technology.

Global village: all the different parts of the world from one community linked together by electronic communication, especially the internet.

Melting pot: a social cultural assimilation同化作用of people of different backgrounds and nationalities. Cultural Diversity: refers to the mix cultures and sub-cultures of a group or organization or region. What are the four trends that lead to the development of the global village? (P8-9)

The concept of culture: a learned set of shared interpretations解释 about beliefs, values and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people. What are the three ingredients of culture?

Artifacts: the material and spiritual精神的，心灵的 products people produce. Behavior: what they do

Concepts; beliefs,values,world views…what they think文化冰山（Cultural iceberg）P7

Characteristics of cultural:

Culture is shared: All communications take place by means of symbols.

Cultural is learned: Culture is learned, not inherited. It drives from one?s social communication, not one?s genes.

Enculturation(文化习得):All the activities of learning one?s culture are called enculturation.

Culture is dynamic (P6): Culture is subject to change. It?s dynamic动态；动力 rather than static静态的, constantly不断地；时常地 changing and evolving进化；展开 under the impact of events and through contract with other cultures.

Acculturation(文化适应):The process which one adopts the changes brought about by another culture and develops an increased similarity between the two cultures.

Culture is ethnocentric(文化中心主义):Ethnocentric is the belief that your own cultural background is superior.

Communication: meaning to share with or to make commotion, as in giving to another a part or share of your thoughts, hopes, and knowledge.

Intercultural communication: communication between people whose cultural presumptions假定推定 and symbol systems distinct enough to alter the communication event. (P9-10)

Components of communication:

Source: the source is the person with an idea he or she desires to communicate. Encoding: Encoding is the process of putting an idea into a symbol. Message: the term message identifies the encoded thoughts.

Channel: the term channel is used technically to refer to the means by which the encoded message is transmitted.

Noise: the term noise technically refers to anything that distorts曲解the message the source encodes. Receiver: the receiver is the person who attends to the message.

Decoding: the receiver is actually involved in the communication process by assigning meaning to the symbols received.

Receiver response: it refers to anything the receiver does after having attended to and decoded the message.

Feedback: it refers to that portion of the receiver responds of the resource has knowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning.

Context: Generally context can be defined as the environment in which the communication takes place and which helps define the communication. Characters of communication:

Communication is dynamic, symbolic, irreversible可逆的, systematic, transactional, and contextual.

Unit 2-4 verbal communication

Pragmatics用学；语用论: the study of the effect that language has on human perceptions and behavior. Semantics语义学；语义论: the study of the meaning of words.

Denotation符号；表示；意义；指示: the literal of meaning or definition of a word—the

explicit明确的；清楚的；直率的；详述,particular特别的；详细的；独有的；挑剔的,defined meaning.

Connotation暗示，隐含意义: the suggestive meaning of a word —all the values, judgments, and beliefs implied by a word, the historical and associative accretion增加物 of the unspoken significance意义；重要性；意思 behind the literal meaning.

Taboo: some objects, words or actions that are avoided by a particular group of people, or in certain culture for religious or social reasons.

Euphemism委婉语: the act of substituting取代 a mild温和的, indirect间接的, or vague模糊的 term for one considered harsh严厉的, blunt生硬的, or offensive.

How is Chinese addressing different from American addressing? (P22-23) Addressing by names Name order:

Surname + given name/He Xiangu Given name + surname (AE)/Linda Smith Nowadays, more and more English-speaking people address others by using the first name, even when people meet for the first time.(P23)

In Chinese seniority(资历) is paid respect to. Juniors are supposed address seniors in a proper way. The use of given names is limited by husband and wife, very closely friends, juniors by elders or superiors. Addressing by relationship

Chinese often extend kinship terms to people not related by blood or marriage. These terms are used after the surname to shoe politeness and respect. (P23)

The English equivalents of the above kinship terms are not so used. Even with relatives, American tends to use just the first name and leave out the term of relationship. Addressing by title, office, profession

Another common Chinese form of address is the use of a person’s title, office or profession to indicate the person’s influential status. In English, only a few occupations or titles could be used. (P24 Americans tend to regard titles as trivial unless they have a clear idea of what kind of work a person does and what his responsibilities are.

Unit 5 nonverbal communication

Chronemics: The study of how people perceive and use time.

Monochromic time: paying attention to and doing only one thing …… 此处隐藏：6905字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……