毕业论文-天车防撞系统的设计

本科生课程设计（论文）

摘要

目前，很多厂矿企业车间使用的天车往往是多台配合使用。一直以来，因天车碰撞发生的安全事故给国民生产生活造成了巨大损失。传统的解决方案难以有效解决这一难题，本文将超声波测距技术应用于该系统，提出了一种较为可靠的方案。

本设计采用AT89C51单片机为核心，搭建系统的控制模块，负责系统的调度，信号的处理，并给出相关的外围接口电路。超声波接收模块选用CX20106作为接收器，完成信号的采集处理放大。电机减速模块选用西门子MM440变频器，利用DAC0832将单片机的数字控制信号转换为模拟控制信号，然后将模拟信号输入到变频器中达到改变频率控制电机转速的目的。通过利用单片机对超声波往返时间的计算，达到测量天车距离的目的。然后使用LCD1602液晶模块显示实时距离，并利用单片机判断天车距离是否达到报警距离和危险距离，并做出相应的处理。

本文设计的天车防碰撞系统技术可靠经济实用，具有很好的使用价值。设计功能完善，接口资源丰富，可以方便的对系统进行二次开发。

关键词：单片机；超声波；测距；报警

I

本科生课程设计（论文）

Abstract

Cranes are often used in many factories and mine．All along，safety incidents occurred in cranes collision caused a great loss of lives andproperty．Traditional solutions Can not effectively solve this problem．In this paper,radio frequency identification technology has been used in this system，proposed amore reliable option．

This design uses AT89C51 microcontroller as the core, to build the system control module, responsible for the scheduling, signal processing, and gives the associated peripheral interface circuit. CX20106 ultrasonic receiver module used as a receiver, signal acquisition and processing to complete amplification. Motor deceleration Siemens MM440 Inverter module selection, the use of the DAC0832 digital control signal the microcontroller converts the analog control signal, then the analog signal input to the inverter to change the purpose of frequency control motor speed. Through the use of single-chip ultrasonic round-trip time calculations, to achieve the purpose of measuring the distance crane. LCD1602 display module and then use the real-time distance, and the use of the microcontroller to determine whether the alarm distance from the crane and dangerous distance, and make the appropriate treatment.

This design of crane anti-collision technology, reliable and economical system, has a very good value. Functional design, the interface is rich in resources, the system can be easily secondary development.

Keywords: microcontroller； ultrasonic； range- distance；warning;

II

本科生课程设计（论文）

目录

第1章 绪论 ................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1天车防碰系统研究意义与前景 ............................................................................... 1 1.2天车防碰系统的国内外发展 .................................................................................... 1 1.3任务要求 ........................................................................................................................ 2 第2章 方案论证 ........................................................................................................................ 3

2.1 总方案框图 ................................................................................................................... 3 2.2 主控制模块的选择 ..................................................................................................... 3 2.3 测距模块的选择 .......................................................................................................... 4 2.4显示模块的选择 ........................................................................................................... 6 2.5电机调速模块的选择 .................................................................................................. 7 方案确定 .............................................................................................................................. 12 第3章 硬件电路设计 ............................................................................................................. 13

3.1 AT89C51主控制模块 ................................................................................................ 13 3.2 CX20106超声波接受模块....................................................................................... 15 3.3发射电路方案设计 .................................................................................................... 16 3.4系统显示电路设计 .................................................................................................... 16 3.5驱动电路的设计 ......................................................................................................... 17 第4章 软件设计 ...................................................................................................................... 25

4.1系统软件功能程序流程图....................................................................................... 25 4.2系统安全天车距离模型 ........................................................................................... 28

4.2.1系统安全跟车距离模型的建立 ................................................................. 28 4.2.2模型中各参数的确定 ................................................................................... 31

第5章 结论 ............................................................................................................................... 33 致谢 ............................................................................................................................................... 34 参考文献 ...................................................................................................................................... 35 附录 Ⅰ......................................................................... …… 此处隐藏：5652字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……