基于单片机的智能停车场管理系统毕业论文设计(9)

[16]李朝青. 单片机原理及接口技术. 北京. 北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.45

[17]何立民. MCS-5系列单片机应用系统设计系统配置与接口技术. 北京.北京航空航天大学出版社,1999.78

[18]陈大新,胡学同,周杏鹏.利用FPGA改进超声波测距模块设计.传感器技术,2005,24

[19]K.Finitely,et al.(2004).3D parking assistant systen:2004 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium,pp.881-886

[20]H.G Jung,et al.(2006). 3D vision system for the recognition of free parking site location.International Journal of Automotive Technology,Vol.7,No.3pp.361-367

[21]Nice Kamp chin,et al.(2002).Stereo vision based pose estimation of parking lots using 3D vehicle models.2002 IEEE Intelligent Vehicle Symposium,Vol.2,pp.17-21

37

外文资料翻译

Every day a signi?cant percentage of drivers in single-occupancy vehicles search for a parking space. Additionally, less experienced drivers or out-of-towners further contribute to the increase of traffic congestion. Search for a vacant parking space is a typical example of a search process. Every parking search strategy is composed of a set of vague rules. It is usually difficult to describe these rules explicitly. The type of the planned activity, time of a day, day of the week, current congestion on particular routes, knowledge of city streets, and potentially available parking places have signi?cant in?uence on a chosen parking search strategy. On the other hand, the drivers usually discover diffierent parking alternatives one by one in a temporal sequence. Clearly, this temporal sequence has a very strong in?uence on the driver's ?nal decision about the parking place[19].

During the past two decades, traffic authorities in many cities (Helsinki, Cologne, Mainz, Stuttgart, Wiesbaden, Aalborg, Hague) have started to inform and guide drivers to parking facilities with real-time var-iable message signs [directional arrows, names of the parking facilities, status (full, not full, number of available parking spaces, etc.)]. Information about the number of available parking spaces could be displayed on the major roads, streets and intersections, or it could be distributed through the Internet.

It is logical to ask the question about the bene?ts of the parking guidance systems. Current practice shows that parking guidance systems usually do not change the occupancy rate or average parking duration. Drivers easily become familiar with the parking guidance systems, and majority of them use, thrust and appreciate the help of the systems[20].Guidance systems signi?cantly increase the probability of finding vacant parking space, mitigate frustration of the drivers–visitors unfamiliar with the city center, decrease the queues in front of parking garages, decrease the total amount of vehicle-miles traveled (particularly in the city centers), decrease the average trip time, energy

38

consumption, and air pollution. Parking guidance system is a part of comprehensive parking policy and traffic management system, whose other elements are street parking control (including sanctions for the illegally parked vehicles), parking fare structure, and parking revenue management system. Parking guidance systems help drivers to ?nd vacant parking spaces when they are already on the network, and approaching their ?nal destination. Throughout this research the concepts of the parking reservation system and parking revenue management system are proposed. The proposed methodology could be applied for parking lots and parking garages in cities and at the big international airports.

The paper is organized as follows: Parking-pricing problems are presented in Section 2. Analogies between parking problems and some other industries are presented in Section 3. The parking revenue management system is introduced in Section 4, and the Intelligent parking space inventory control system is introduced in Section 5. The algorithm to create intelligent parking spaces inventory control system is presented in Section 6. Results obtained with the ‘‘intelligent’’ parking system are given in Section 7, and Sec-tion 8 presents the concluding remarks and further research orientations. 1. parking pricing

In majority of cities throughout the world drivers pay for using different parking facilities. In some instances, traffic congestion can be significantly reduced as a result of parking price. The parking revenue is usually used to cover parking facility costs (access gates, ticket printers, parking meters, parking signs, attendants), or to improve some other traffic and transportation activities. Different parking pricing strategies should be a part of the comprehensive solution approach to the complex traffic congestion problems. There is no doubt that parking pricing represents one of the important demand management strategies. For example, traffic authorities, local governments and private sector could introduce higher parking tariffs for solo drivers or for long-term parkers in congested city areas. They could provide special parking

39

discounts to vanpoolers. Obviously parking pricing should be carefully studied in the context of the considered city area (down-town, residential, commercial, retail use areas).

In some cities (Madison, Wisconsin) there are already time dependent parking fees that force commuters to switch to diffierent alternatives of public transportation. Trying to promote public transit San Francisco traffic authorities increased parking tariffs at public and commercial garages. The Chicago authorities raised parking rates few times. Authorities in Seattle signi?cantly reduced parking tariffs for carpool at two Seattle parking facilities in downtown. Active role in parking pricing strategies could also have employers paying for employees' parking. Employers who remove parking subsidies for the employees could significantly decrease the total number of solo drivers. Th …… 此处隐藏：6894字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……