新东方托福阅读 杜昶旭老师课堂讲义及笔记总结(3)

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P.S. : 比较句 1. 三要素: 比较主体, 比较点, 比较结果 2. 分类: 静态: 状态 动态: 动作 3. 动态比较句的形式: (1) S + Vi + adv的比较级+ than +… 例: I run faster than Tom. Tom does. does Tom.(唯一正确的书面用法，上两个用在口语中也可) （２）S+ Vt + O+ adv比较级＋than 例： I love you more than Tom. Tom does. does Tom.( 唯一正确的书面用法，上两个用在口语中也可) （３）S + Vt + adj比较级＋ O + than + … 例：I raise more pigs than Tom Tom does does Tom. ( 唯一正确的书面用法，上两个用在口语中也可)

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阅读和写作的关系：

为写作提供原始模仿素材，并且是抽象结构．

Basic to any understanding of the disadvantages of building a large factory near a community is _________.

例1: Herein (adv) lay(宾语) the beginning of what ultimately(最终) turned from ignorance(无知) to denial of the value of nutrition therapies in medicine(主语).

例2: Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals(主语), sometimes easily recognizable as such, often distorted into gorgeous, weird, but always functional shapes.

例3: With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and the economic boom( that followed it)独立主格, young people married and established households earlier and began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression. 没有倒装

例4: Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20years after the Second World War(宾语) is the country’s impressive population growth(主语). 句子结构: adj + prep +B+ be + A = A + be +adj +prep +B

例5: Among the species of seabirds (that use the windswept cliff of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their young) are common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets(主语).

句子结构: Among A + be + B = B是A的一部分

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例6: Implicit in it is an aesthetic principle as well: (that the medium has certain qualities of beauty and expressiveness with which (sculptors must bring their own aesthetic sensibilities into harmony)). 例7: Most important perhaps, was that (they had all maintained with a certain fidelity(状语) a manner of technique and composition consistent with those of America?s first popular landscapes artist, Thomas Cole, (who built a career painting the Catskill Mountain scenery 〔bording the Hudson River〔)).

句型结构: S + Vt + prep + n1 (介词短语)+ n2, Vt的宾语实际上是n2.

例8: With the turn-of-century Crafts movement and the discovery of nontraditional sources of inspiration(独立主格), such as wooden African figures and masks, there arose a new urge for hands-on, personal execution of art and an interaction with the medium(主语).

例9: Accustomed though we are to(倒装) speaking of the films made before 1927 as ?slient?, the film has never been seen, in the full sense of the word, silent.

句型结构: adj + though + S + be + prep + n = though + S +be + adj + prep + n, 仅发生在让步状语从句中.

例10: Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem(同位语), to the

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health of the Earth and human well-being(主语).

句型结构: the importance of A to B = A 对B 的重要性

例11: Matching the influx of foreign immigrants into the larger cities of the United States during the late nineteenth century was a domestic migration(主语), from town and farm to city, within the United States. 例12: Indeed, had it not been for the superb preservation of these fossils(虚拟条件句if it had not been) , they might well have been classified as dinosaurs. (4) 强调句的阅读方法

? 构成：It + be + 强调成分＋that/ who+ 其他成分

? 注意：把强调结构去掉句子仍然完整＼正确的就是强调句． 强调句不强调形容词和代词．

例1: It was just a decade before this (强调句)that many drug companies had found their vitamin sales skyrocketing and were quick to supply practicing physicians with generous samples of vitamins and literature extolling the virtue of supplementation for a vatiety of health-related conditions.

例2: It was she, a Baltimore printer, (强调句)who published the first office copies of the Declaraton, the first copie (that included the names of its singers and therefore heralded the support of all thirteen colonies). 例3: It was in the cities(强调句) that the elements (that can be associated with modern capitalism first appeared-----the use of money and commercial paper in place of barter, open competition in place of social

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deference and hierarchy, with an attendant rise in social disorder, and the appearance of factories using coal or water power in place of independent craftspeople working with hand tools). 2. 泛读----快速阅读与有效阅读 (1) 阅读中的详略结合-----SKIMMING 1) 需要详细阅读的内容 ? 结构主体的内容 ? 非举例性质的概括描述 ? 题目映射回原文的内容 2) 可以快速浏览的内容 ? 大量的数据堆砌

? 明显的举例: 为何而举,举例主体,结束位置 ? 对比\\类比读一半

? 让步\\转折读一半(转折以后的那一半)

(2) 理解单位扩大和阅读中逻辑的构建----模糊理解理论 1) 阅读中的恶习----指读\\声读\\回读\\视角高度过低\\二次阅读 2) 理解单位和阅读逻辑

? 加大理解单位,变单词为意群组合----焦点训练法 ? 可以合并为意群的成分: ? 副词 ? 介词短语 ? 分词短语