中低速磁浮列车测速与相对定位传感器研究与实现

国防科学技术大学

硕士学位论文

中低速磁浮列车测速与相对定位传感器研究与实现

姓名：姜锐

申请学位级别：硕士

专业：控制科学与工程

指导教师：龙志强

2010-11

国防科学技术大学研究生院硕士学位论文

摘要

测速定位技术是中低速磁浮列车的核心技术之一。测速定位系统通过向地面控制中心和车上其它系统提供速度与位置信号，使磁浮列车实现牵引、制动和运行控制。本文以工程实际应用为背景，以国防科技大学研制的CMS04型工程化样车为应用对象，以实现列车准确测速与相对定位为目的，研究并实现了一种新型测速与相对定位传感器。该传感器弥补了现有测速定位系统所采用的电感式接近开关传感器对检测距离敏感的缺陷，克服了检测距离对测量结果的影响，消除了因车体抖动而带来的测速定位误差，具有较强的工程应用前景。本文主要研究以下几个方面的内容：

（1）通过分析电感式接近开关传感器的缺陷及其原因，提出一种基于相邻检测线圈电感量进行一阶差分计算以实现准确定位的设计方法。在此基础上，为了提高传感器检测灵敏度，增强传感器的抗干扰性，避免误判断问题，又提出了对相邻三个检测线圈的电感量进行二阶差分的检测方法，提高了该传感器的可用性。

（2）在对检测线圈进行理论推导计算的基础上，应用有限元软件仿真、分析与验证了匝数、线径、激磁线圈与检测线圈之间距离和检测距离对线圈性能的影响，设计并绕制了适用于本文所研究传感器的检测线圈。

（3）根据中低速磁浮列车“传感器计数法”测速定位系统对传感器的性能要求，对传感器的激磁电路，功率放大电路，解调电路和数字处理电路进行了分析与设计，最终实现了一套传感器试验系统。

（4）通过标定台对传感器线圈进行标定，并模拟列车各种运行情况，对传感器进行定位试验。

通过地面模拟试验测试，验证了新型测速与相对定位传感器的可用性。试验结果表明，新型传感器各项性能满足设计要求。

关键词：磁浮列车传感器测速定位电涡流一阶差分二阶差分

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国防科学技术大学研究生院硕士学位论文

ABSTRACT

The technology of speed and location detection is one of the key technologies of low speed maglev train. It provides speed and location signals for ground control center and other systems in maglev train to carry out traction, braking and operation control. Based on engineering application, and taking the CMS04 maglev train developed by National University of Defense Technology as the application object, this paper accomplishes the design and realization of a new speed detection and relative location sensor to realize high-precision LSD for maglev train. This sensor overcomes the defect of the inductive proximity switch which is sensitive to detecting distance, and eliminates the influence of detecting distance and train body vibration on the measurement results. Thus is promising in engineering application. The main jobs done in this thesis are as follows:

(1). A new speed and relative location detection scheme which uses first difference to detect the inductance values of two adjacent coils for high-precision LSD is proposed by analyzing the defects of the inductive proximity switch. Based on this, in order to improve detection sensitivity, enhance noise immunity and avoid misjudgments, a further detection method applying second difference to the inductance of three adjacent coils is proposed which enhances the sensor’s availability.

(2). On the basis of theoretical derivation, the finite element software is applied to simulate and verify the effect of turn number, wire diameter, detecting distance, the distance between exciting coil and detecting coil on the detecting coil. The detecting coil which is suitable for the new sensor is designed and entwined

(3). According to the performance requirements of the speed and relative location detection system of “sensor-counting method” for low speed maglev train, the exciting circuit, the power amplifier circuit, the demodulation circuit and the digital processing circuit are analyzed and designed. Finally, a test sensor system is accomplished.

(4). The new sensor is calibrated though calibration table and its location detection function is tested in different operation conditions which are simulated by calibration table.

The availability of the new speed and relative location detection sensor is verified by ground simulated experiment. The test results show that the properties of the new sensor satisfy the design requirements.

Key Words：maglev train sensor speed and location detection eddy current first difference second difference

第 ii 页

国防科学技术大学研究生院硕士学位论文

第 III 页 图 目 录

图1. 1 交叉感应回线的铺设 (2)

图1. 2 交叉感应回线测速定位系统框图 (3)

图1. 3 三路线圈信号合成逻辑示意图 (3)

图1. 4 “轨枕计数法”示意图 (5)

图1. 5 “传感器计数法”测速定位传感器位置示意图 (6)

图1. 6 接近式电感传感器工作原理示意图 (7)

图1. 7 接近开关传感器脉冲信号 (7)

图1. 8 正常高度时，传感器与轨枕相对位置示意图 (8)

图1. 9 高度降低时，传感器与轨枕相对位置示意图 (8)

图1. 10 高度升高时，传感器与轨枕相对位置示意图 (8)

图1. 11 接近开关输出信号对比图 (9)

图2. 1 传感器原理框图 (11)

图2. 2 检测线圈排列位置示意图 (12)

图2. 3 单线圈与轨枕相对运动示意图 (13)

图2. 4 单线圈电感变化仿真曲线 (13)

图2. 5 双线圈运动位置示意图 (14)

图2. 6 双线圈电感变化曲线 (14)

图2. 7 两线圈高度变化曲线 (15)

图2. 8 电感变化率最小时，线圈运动区域示意图 (16)

图2. 9 传感器工作示意图 (16)

图2. 10 三线圈电感变化曲线 (17)

图2. 11 三线圈高度变化曲线 (18)

图2. 12 传感器波形示意图 (18)

图3. 1 线圈等效电路模型...........................................................................................20 图3. 2 ()f k 与k 的关系曲线.......................................................................................22 图3. 3 电涡流回路单元...............................................................................................23 图3. 4 双线圈几何模型...............................................................................................26 图3. 5 相邻三线圈几何模型............................... …… 此处隐藏：17082字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……