高考英语 语法精讲精练 专题十 名词性从句

语法专题十：名词性从句

名词性从句是比较重要的语法项目。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对名词性从句列了四项：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。全国卷新课标Ⅰ对名词性从句的考查一般在语法填空和短文改错中，主要考查从句引导词的用法。

2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查名词性从句。

2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第71题（短文改错）考查了宾语从句的引导词，My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.本句中须将that改为where。

2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查了名词性从句。

在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。名词可以充当句子的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，因此，名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。

①What was most important to her was her family.(主语从句)

②I don’t know what you want to say.(宾语从句)

③The good news is that we have won the game.(表语从句)

④The news that we have won the game is true.(同位语从句)

引导名词性从句的关联词：

注意：连词that

从句中不能省略，在引导宾语从句时，口语或非正式的文体中常被省去；疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接词以及关联短语在句中既保留自己的含义又起连接作用，在从句中充当成分。名词性从句一般都用陈述句

．．．的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。例如：

①The problem is what he has done to the little boy.

②We all don’t know when he will come.

1. 主语从句

在复合句中作主语的句子叫主语从句

主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether 和连接代词what, who,which,whatever, whoever以及连接副词how,when,where, why等词引导。例如：

①That he stole a bike was true.

②What he wants to tell us is not clear.

③Who will win the match is still unknown.

④Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.

⑤Whether he can pass the exam depends on whether he study hard or not.

⑥Whatever you do is none of my business.

⑦Whoever comes to our library will be welcome.

单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。例如：

①Where and when he was born has not been found.

②When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.

主语从句比较长的时候，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：

（1）It + be + 名词 + 主语从句。例如：

①It is a fact that he has gone abroad.

②It is a pity that you missed the sports meeting last week.

（2）It + be + 形容词 + 主语从句。例如：

①It is obvious that he told a lie.

②It is certain that he will win the game.

（3）It + be + 过去分词 + 主语从句。例如：

①It is said that she will come to the party tomorrow.

②It has not been announced when the plane are to take off.

（4）It + 不及物动词 + 主语从句。例如：

①It happened that the meeting was canceled that day.

②It occurred to me that I had forgotten to bring my wallet.

注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气 (should) +do，常用的句型是：

It is necessary/important/natural/strange/essential, etc.) that … 例如：

①It’s necessary that you should study hard.

②It is strange that he should say that.

③It is essential that a college student should master at least a foreign language.

2. 宾语从句

在复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。例如：

①I want to know what he has told you.

②She always thinks of how she can work well.

③She will give whoever needs help a warm support.

1).由连接词that引导的宾语从句

由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：

He has told me (that) he will leave Wuhan and that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.

注意:在insist,suggest, advise,decide, demand, desire,require, request,order, command等表示“坚持、建议、决定、要求、命令”（“坚决要命”）等意义的动词后，宾语从句中谓语部分常用虚拟语气，即should+ 动词原形。例如：

①I insist that she (should) do her work alone.

②The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.

但是, 如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲, insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中用陈述语气。例如：

①The smile on his face su ggested that he had passed the examination.

②The boy insisted that he had not stolen the money.

2).用whether或if引导的宾语从句

whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有or not时或介词后的宾语从句中只能用whether 连接。其它名词性从句，如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中表示“是否”只用whether. 介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用。例如：

①I don’t care about whether you have money or not.

②Everything depends on whether we have enough money.

③He seldom loses his temper except that you make a fool of him.

3).宾语从句中的时态呼应

宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态。例如：

①I know that he studies English every day.

②I know that he studied English last term.

③I know (that) he will study English next year.

④We all know that he has studied English since 1998.

如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的语动只能用过去时的某种形式，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等。例如：

①We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house.

②The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．

当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：

The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.

4).当主句是I/ We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 时，其后的宾语从句 …… 此处隐藏：3962字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……