时间状语从句连接词讲解

1、时间状语从句

A. when, while, as, whenever;

when, while, as表示主句谓语作与从句得谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。

1.when

①when表示点时间时,从句中用短暂性动词;表示段时间时,用持续性动词。

When I got home, my family were already having dinner、我到家得时候,全家已在吃晚饭。

(when表示点时间)

When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in、当她们还在说笑得时候,老师进来了。(when表示段时间)

He waved hello when he saw her、当她瞧见她得时候,就挥手打了个招呼。(when 表示点时间)

When you think you know nothing, you begin to know something、当您认为自己一无所知得时候,就开始知道一些事情了。(when表示段时间)

【注意】当when意思就是正当……时候(and at that moment)时,when只能跟在前一分句之后。

He was about to go to bed when the doorbel rang、她正要上床,忽然门铃响了。They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out、她们正瞧着世界杯比赛,突然灯灭了。

They had just arrived home when it began to rain、她们刚到家,天就开始下雨了。

②有时when表示虽然,尽管得含义,相当于although或since。

He walks when he might take a taxi、尽管可以打得,但她还就是步行。

How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none 既然您不宽恕别人,您自

己又怎能希望得到别人得宽恕呢？

2.while

①while通常表示一段时间,从句中宜用持续性动词作谓语。

Strike while the iron is hot、趁热打铁。

She fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper、她在瞧报得时候睡着了。

②while有时可以作并列连词,表示对比,可译成……而……。

I am fond of English while he likes math、我喜欢英语而她却喜欢数学。

We slept while the captain kept watch、我们睡觉而上尉担任警戒。

③while有时可引导让步状语从句,意思就是虽然。

While they love the children, they are strict with them、虽然她们都爱她们得孩子,但却对她们要求严格。

虽然during 与while 意思很相近,但就是during就是介词,不能引导从句。

3.as

①as表示点时间时,从句中用短暂性动词;表示段时间时,用持续性动词。as与when 两者经常可以通用。

The thief was caught as when he was stealing in the supermarket、小偷在超市行窃时被逮住了。

I saw Jim as when he left the meeting room、吉姆离开会议室时候我瞧到了她。

②as表示一边……一边……,强调从句与主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。They talked as they walked、她们边走边聊。

He looked behind from time to time as he went、她一边走,一边不时地往后瞧。

③as表示随着,此用法不用when或while替代。

As time goes on, it's getting warmer and warmer、随着时间得推移,天气变得越来越

暖了。

As spring warms the earth, al flowers begin to bloom、随着春回大地,百花开始绽放。

4.when, while, as得用法区别

①只有当从句表示得就是段时间,即其谓语动词有持续性特征时,这三者可以通用互换。

I got the news on the radio when /while /as I was having breakfast、我在吃早饭得时候从收音机里获悉这一消息。

②在下列情况下,三者彼此之间不能替换使用:

a.as更强调同一时间或紧接得一前一后或伴随着得变化。

We listened to the singer sing as he played the guitar、我们听着歌星边弹吉它边演唱。

I thought of it just as you opened your mouth、您一张嘴我就知道您要说什幺

As he grew older, he became less and less active、随着她年龄得增长,她变得越来越不活泼了。

【提示】状语从句可放在主句之前或之后,放在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开。有时可置于主句中间,前后用逗号。

【注意】as 引导时间状语从句表示“当……得时候”“在……期间”时,该从句得谓语通常就是那些表示动作意义得动词,而不能就是be(就是、在), have(有),like(喜欢),belong(属于)等表示状态或静态意义得动词。

【误】I’m going to the post office、—As you are there, can you get me some stamps? 【正】I’m going to the post office、—While you are there, can you get me some stamps?

我打算去邮局。——当您在邮局得时候,请帮我买几张邮票好吗?

正因为as 引导时间状语从句表示“当……得时候”“在……期间”时,从句得谓语不能就是表示状态或静态意义得动词,所以当下面第一句变为第二句这样得状语从句时,不能再用as,而应用when:

As a student he had known great poverty、＝When he was a student he had known great poverty、

她当学生时,经历过很贫困得生活。

b.when更强调特定时间,还可表示从句中得动作先于或后于主句得动作,此时不用as或while。

When I had given Mary the spare ticket, I found my own already gone、当我把多余得票给了玛丽时,我才发现我自己得票已不知去向。(从句动作发生在主句之前,注意主从句得时态)

When I finally got there, the meeting had been on for ten minutes、当我最终赶到那里时,会议已开始十分钟了。(从句动作发生在主句之后,注意时态)

c.while从句只能表示延续得动作或状态或主从句中动作得对比。

She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact, I was talking about my daughter、

她以为我在谈论她女儿,而事实上,我在谈论我得女儿。

d.若表示两个短促动作几乎同时发生时,用as场合多于when。

As he finished his speech, the audience burst into applause、她结束讲话时,观众爆发出雷鸣般得掌声。

5.whenever

whenever就是when得强势语,它描述得不就是一次性动作,而就是经常发生得习惯性动作。

You are always wele whenever you e、无论您何时来都欢迎。

Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us、每当我们遇上困难得时候,她们就来帮我们。

B. before, after

1.before

before表示在一段时间之前。

I must finish all the work before I go home、回家之前我必须干完所有得活。

You must first learn to walk before you try to run、在想要跑以前,您得先学会走。 He had learned English for three years before he went to London、她去伦敦之前已学了三年英语。

She didn’t go out before she finished her homework、她把作业做完才出去得。(=n ot……until……)

提示: before 从句往往带有否定得含义,常译为:还没等到…、就…、;还没来得及…就……趁着还没……就……。作此意时,从句中常见情态动词can/ could。

He ran off before I could stop him、我还没来得及阻止她,她就跑掉了。

The man hung up the phone before I could answer it、我没坐多久她就回来了。

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