英语时态大全及句子成分

英语共有十六种时态,其表现形式如下(以study为例):

一般时

进行时

完成时

完成进行时

现在

study

studies

am studying

is studying

are studying

have studied

has studied

have been studying

has been studying

过去

studied

was studying

were studying

had studied

had been studying

将来

shall study

will study

shall be studying

will be studying

shall have studied

will have studied

shall have been studying

will have been studying

过去将来

should study

would study

should be studying

would be studying

should have studied

would have studied

should have been studying

would have been studying

时态(Tense)是表示行为,动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式.因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式.

英语时态分为16种:一般现在,一般过去,一般将来,过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时,完成时和完成进行时.

一. 一般现在时

用法:

A) 表示现在发生的动作,情况,状态和特征.B) 习惯用语.C) 经常性,习惯性动作.

D) 客观事实和普遍真理.尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般现在时,则无法保持 主句,从句时态一致.

E) 表示一个按规定,计划或安排要发生的动作,(仅限于某些表示"来,去,动 ,停,开始,结束,继续"等的动词 )可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用 .常见的用法是:飞机,火车,轮船,汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式.

例:The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.

(下一趟火车今天下午3点开车.)

How often does this shuttle bus run (这班车多久一趟 )

F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在(有时也用现在完成时)表示将来事情

时间状语:

always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc. 基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词

否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词.

一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词.

二. 一般过去时

用法:

A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况.

B) 表示过去习惯性动作.特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型,本身表示的 就是过去时. He used to visit his mother once a week.(他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲.)

时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.

基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词

否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词.

一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词.

三. 现在进行时(be doing)

概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为.

时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.

基本结构:am/is/are+doing

否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.

一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首.

四,过去进行时:

用法:

A) 表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作.

例:Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.(10分钟前,玛丽正在听轻音乐.)

B) 如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时,则另一个句子常用过去进行时.

例:I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.(你敲前门时我正在洗头发.)

时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状

语等.

基本结构:was/were+doing

否定形式:was/were + not + doing.

一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首.

五,现在完成时(have done)

用法:

A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成.

B) 表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去.此时经常用延续性动词.时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点,或for加一段时间,或by加一个现在时间.

注意事项

现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带.现在完成时和过去时的区别在于:现在完成时强调动作的动态,或受动态的影响,是动态的结果,对现在有影响;过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作,与现在没有联系.

时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.

基本结构:have/has + done

否定形式:have/has + not +d one.

一般疑问句:have或has.

六. 过去完成时(had done)

概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即"过去的过去".

时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.

基本结构:had + done.

否定形式:had + not + done.

一般疑问句:had放于句首

七,一般将来时:

概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算,计划或准备做某事.

时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.

基本结构:①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.

③,be to do ④ be about to ⑤,一般现在时表将来 ⑥,现在进行时表将来.

否定形式:①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词.

一般疑问句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首.

分别用法:

A) 基本结构是will / shall do.

例:We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.

B) 有些动词,如:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等,用于现在进行时,并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用,可以表示将来时. 例:My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.(我妈妈下周将来看我,并会呆到5月.)

C) 表示"打算去……,要……"时,可用be going to do.

例:This is just what I am going to say.(这正是我想说的.)

D) 表示"即将,正要"时,可用be about to do.强调近期内或马上要做的事.

例:Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.

E) "be to do" 表示"按计划,安排即将发生某事或打算做某事".

F) 同样可以表示"正要,将要"的意思的句型是be on the point of doing.

例:The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points. 例:2005年6月大学四级第65题

I was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.

A) in B) to C) at D) on

答案是D).on the poi …… 此处隐藏：8007字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……