组织行为学lecture 7

组织行为学

Foundations of Team DynamicsJay

组织行为学

Teamwork in the Securities Industry

Paul Tramontano (2nd from left) and other professionals in the securities industry have formed teams to better serve clients. Tramontano heads a 12-person team (called the Topeka Wealth Management Group) AT Citigroup’s Smith Barney

组织行为学

What are Teams?

Groups of two or more people Exist fulfill a purpose Interdependent—interact and influence each other Mutually accountable for achieving common goals Perceive themselves as a social entity

组织行为学

Groups versus Teams

All teams are groups Some groups are just people assembled together Teams have task interdependence whereas some groups do not (e.g., group of employees enjoying lunch together)

组织行为学

Many Types of TeamsPermanent Temporary Formal teams

Production teams Management teams

Task force Skunk works team

Informal teams

Friendship group

Communities of practice

组织行为学

Why rely on teams

Compared with inpiduals working alone, teams tend to:

Make better decisions Make better products and services due to more knowledge and expertise Increase employee engagement

组织行为学

Why informal groups existInformal groups are two or more people who form a unifying relationship around personal rather than organizational goals.

Innate drive to bond Social identity

We define ourselves by group memberships

Goal accomplishment Emotional support

组织行为学

Team effectiveness defined

The extent to which a team achieves its objectives, achieves the needs and objectives of its members, and sustains itself over time.

组织行为学

Team effectiveness Model

组织行为学

Task characteristics

Better when tasks are clear, easy to implement Task interdependence

Task interdependence is the degree to which a task requires employees to share common inputs or outcomes, or to interact in the process of executing their work.

组织行为学

Levels of Task Interdependence

组织行为学

Team size

Smaller teams are better But large enough to accomplish task

组织行为学

Shell looks for team players

Shell holds the 5-day Gourami Business Challenge in Europe, North America, and Asia to observe how well the university students work in teams. One of the greatest challenges is for students from different cultures and educational specializations to work together.

组织行为学

Team Composition

Motivation

To perform task To work cooperatively the team

Competencies

Skills and knowledge to perform the task Ability to work effectively with each other

Homogeneous or heterogeneous, depending on task requirements

组织行为学

Homogenous Vs. HeterogamousHomogenous

Heterogamous

Less conflict Faster team development Performs better on cooperative tasks Better coordination High satisfaction of team members

More conflict Longer team development Performs better on complex problems More creative

组织行为学