英语精读100篇UNIT15

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UNIT FIFTEEN

TEXT ONE

The theory: Irrational ways of thinking underlie most psychological conditions, and patients can get better by tackling these skewed thinking patterns, correcting them, and developing new ones. In a 2006 survey of social workers and psychologists conducted by Psychotherapy Networker in partnership with Joan Cook, an adjunct assistant professor of medical psychology at Columbia University, over 60 percent said that they employ cognitive-behavioral techniques in their work.

"What cognitive therapy does is focus on the present," says Judith Beck, director of the Beck Institute for Cognitive Therapy and Research outside patient's childhood, dreams, past relationships, and life

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experiences—essential in Freudian psychoanalysis—the short-term cognitive approach focuses on developing skills the patient can use to "have a better week." Cognitive therapists may go into those deeper issues if necessary, but "the goal is not insight alone but also practical problem solving and symptom reduction," says Beck.

Techniques used to that end may include weighing evidence to evaluate whether a patient's self-image is skewed, developing a more realistic worldview, prioritizing problems, and setting an agenda for dealing with them. According to research by Aaron Beck and others, cognitive therapy is as effective as in initially treating mild, moderate, and severe depression, and patients who had used cognitive therapy and stopped were less likely to relapse than those who stopped medication. Cognitive therapy has also been shown to decrease the risk for repeated suicide attempts in seriously depressed patients.

REBT, on the other hand, focuses on "disputing irrational beliefs," as Ellis's disciplines put it, or directly confronting and challenging a patient's thoughts about a situation. The method is used to treat the spectrum of psychological problems, from depression and anxiety to . Therapists may draw from the wider tradition of

cognitive-behavioral methods, but they owe an intellectual debt to Albert

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Some psychotherapists see cognitive-behavioral therapies as too simplistic—approaches that ignore the complexities of a typical patient's problems. Today, many therapists use a combination approach, integrating both psychoanalytic and cognitive-behavioral techniques to suit patient needs. "Practicing therapists [are] often happy to have more than one way to think about somebody," says Nancy McWilliams, president of the pision of at the American Psychological Association. Adds Jonathan Slavin, who teaches psychology at Harvard Medical School and is founding president of the Massachusetts Institute for Psychoanalysis: "There's considerable evidence that all psychotherapy is effective. All versions [that] provide people with a relationship that includes any kind of empathy and understanding change the actual workings of the brain."

1. The passage mainly talks about _____

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[A] different psychotherapies to treat psychological problems.

[B] the brief history of cognitive-behavioral therapy s development.

[C] different branches of cognitive-behavioral therapy.

[D] the appearance of the cognitive-behavioral therapies.

2.Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the comparison of cognitive thearpy approach and Freudian psychoanalysis?

[A] Both of them aim to probe into the deeper issues for an insight of the patient s mind.

[B] Cognitive therapy approach is more effective than Freudian psychoanalysis in analyzing patients symptoms.

[C] Cognitive therapy approach focus on more present psychological condition of patients than Freudian psychoanalysis.

[D] Cognitive theapry approach pays more attentions to immediate efficiency.

3. The word “disputing” (Line 1, Paragraph 5) most probably means_____

[A] denying.

[B] debating.

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[C] opposing.

[D] resisting.

4. The difference of cognitive therapy and REBT lies in that_____

[A] the basic theoretical principles that they adopt differ from each other.

[B] REBT pays more attention to the collaboration between the therapist and patient.

[C] cognitive therapy is more constructive and effective than REBT in terms of curing different levels of depression.

[D] REBT is more widely applicable than cognitive therapy given its wide reputation and innovative methods.

5. A combination approch of treating psychopath is choosed by many therapists rather than cognitive-behavioral therapies because _____

[A] cognitive-behavioral therapies are not so effective as the combination approach.

[B] the combination approach could treat patients more comprehensively.

[C] the combination approach is more down to earth than

cognitive-behavioral therapies.

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[D] the combination approah is easier to grasp than cognitive-behavioral therapies.

文章剖析：

这篇文章主要介绍了认知行为心理疾病疗法。第一段讲述Albert Ellis是认知心理疗法的鼻祖；第二段讲述该疗法的理论；第三段讲述心理疗法的主要特点就是着眼于当前；第四段讲述具体采取的方法；第五段讲述REBT方法的特点；第六段讲述一些精神治疗医师采取了综合疗法。

词汇注释：

psychotherapy n. 精神疗法，心理疗法 skewed adj. 偏离的，歪斜的

antidepressant n. 抗抑郁药

dispute v. 抵抗，阻止

难句突破：

(1) Beck is the daughter of Aaron Beck, who developed his own form of cognitive-behavioral therapy, simply called cognitive therapy, in the relapse v. 旧病复发 post-traumatic adj. 创伤后的

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early 1960s when he was a psychiatrist at the University of

Pennsylvania.

[主体句式] Beck is the daughter of…

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