十八世纪启蒙时期英国文学

Part Four The 18th Century The Age of Enlightenment in England 1688-1798

十八世纪

the Age of Reason

英国启蒙时期

1. The literature of the 18th century was dominated by the interests of contending parties

The Whigs: determined to safeguard popular liberty; The Tories: conservative, would leave as much authority as possible in the royal hands;

3. The development of social life

The first half of the 18th century England saw the appearance of a large number of public coffeehouses and private clubs. Nearly all writers frequented the coffeehouses, and matters discussed there became subjects of literature. Hence the enormous amount of 18th-century writing devoted to transient affairs, to politics, fashions, and gossip.

Literary Development

1. Neo-classicism 2. sentimentalism 3. Modern novel 4. Romanticism 5. English drama

概述

英国文学史上的启蒙运动是英国文学18世纪 产生的一种进步思潮。启蒙运动,这一时期的 思想家和作家们崇尚理性,认为启蒙教化是改 造社会的基本手段,因此18世纪又被称为"理 性的时代".在文学领域体现为18世纪上半期 的新古典主义,代表作家有诗人蒲伯(A. Pope) 和期刊随笔的创始人斯梯尔(R.Steele)和艾迪 生(J.Addison).

The Enlightenment in Europe

– A progressive intellectual movement beginning in France and then spread throughout Europe. The guiding principle or slogan is Ration/Reason, natural right and equality. Ration became standard for measurement of everything. – An expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. – They attempted to place all branches of science at the service of mankind. – Called for universal education: a continuation of Renaissance in belief in the possibility of human perfection through education. – Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas.

概述

1688年的“光荣革命”推翻复辟王朝，确定了君 主立宪制，建立起资产阶级和新贵族领导的政权， 英国从此进入一个相对安定的发展时期。 18世纪初，新古典主义成为时尚。新古典主义推 崇理性，强调明晰、对称、节制、优雅，追求艺术 形式的完美与和谐。 亚历山大· 蒲柏（Alexander Pope, 1688-1744）是新 古典主义诗歌的代表，他模仿罗马诗人，诗风精巧 隽俏，内容以说教与讽刺为主，形式多用英雄双韵 体，但缺乏深厚感情。

1. Neoclassicism 新古典主义

The Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works, this tendency is known as neoclassicism. The neoclassicists held that forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers, such as Homer. Addison, Steele, Pope belonged to this school.

散文

18世纪英国散文出现繁荣，散文风格基本建 立在新古典主