译林牛津版高中英语模块10 unit 1 Grammar and usage -- Linking

实用 讲练结合

实用 讲练结合

Module 10 Unit 1 Grammar and usage

邳州一中 马骥

实用 讲练结合

What’s the function of linking word?

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Links are needed between sentences to connect the ideas of the sentences to each other. Without these links, it is easy for readers to get confused. These links help readers work out what is going to happen next in a text.

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What are the four common types of links between sentences? time sequence words时间顺序关联

词 cause and effect words因果关联词 contrasting words对比关联词 addition words.附加关联词

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Time sequence words show the order of ideas or actions.

such as:first(ly) 首先; second(ly)其次 ; third(ly) 第三 now in the end ; at last 最后

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Cause and effect words. show the reasons or results of doing something

Show the reasons:since,as,because (of),因为 for one thing 一则，(for another)

Show the results :as a result,结果，结果是 thus,so,

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Contrasting words introduce an idea that is in contrast to the idea mentioned before.

such as:however,but 然而，但是 on the contrary 正相反 in contrast 与此相反，反之

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Addition words introduce additional information

such as:in addition另外，此外 and 和 as well as也， 而且 similarly 同样地， besides,furthermore 此外，而且

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Education is very important, particularly in the various ways it benefits young people. First of all, it teaches them and helps them better understand the world. Secondly, education teaches people about the history and culture of their country. In this way, young people learn way, young people learn about the past and are able to appreciate their national literature and art. Thirdly, education helps develop people’s personalities. Through education, young people learn to respect and tolerate others and will become more friendly, cooperative and helpful. Lastly, education prepares young people for the future. Apart Apart from academic knowledge, they will also learn the skills they need for their future careers.

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Types of linking words 1. Poverty is still killing people. However, these small victories are a good start towards a better future. Contrasting words 2. The program has several aims: firstly, to help unemployed people find work; secondly, to teach new mothers about nutrition; and thirdly, to help young people develop problem solving skills. 3. These people will be given a chance to help themselves instead of being dependent on other people. As a result, they will enjoy a higher standard of living.Cause and effect words

Time sequence words

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4. Our organization is working to raise money for the local homeless shelters. Furthermore, we are collecting clothing to give to those in need. 5. Many people believe that hunger is only a problem in the developing world. On the contrary, it is a problem all over the world.

Contrasting words

Addition words 6. Geldof intended the concert to raise money for and public awareness of the famine.

In the end, $100 million was raised.

Time sequence words

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7. For example, the disease malaria, which is spread by mosquitoes, kills over one million children yearly. On top of this, according to the United Nations, hunger and malnutrition claim ten million lives each year.

Contrasting words 8. Reporter: Why did you organize the concert? Bob: Well, for one thing, I wanted to raise money for the hungry people. Also, I wanted to raise public awareness of poverty and famine.

Cause and effect words

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Group work more example of linking wordsTime sequence words:Finally 最后then 然后 next 其次，接下来 to begin with ; first of all ; in the first place 首先，起初 above all 首先，尤其是 最后一点，也是非 last but not the least 常重要的一点

first and most important首先也是最重要 的一点是

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Cause and effects words:because; since; as; 因为now that 既然，因为

for this reason由于这个原因 due to;thanks to; because of; owing to 因为，由于 so that 所以 in order that 为了，以便于

as a result ;as a consequence 结果 thus; hence; so; therefore;accordingly 因此

实用 讲练结合

Contrasting words:while, yet ,whereas 然而 different from ,unlike 和·· ·不同 instead 反而 otherwise 另外，在其他方面 on the other hand in contrast by contrast 另一方面 与此相反 相比之下，与之相比