20100930-The Science of Psychology

心理学与生活

The Science of Psychology

Defining Psychology Science, not Common Sense A Short History

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Defining Psychology Psychology is the discipline concerned with behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism's physical state, mental state, and external environment

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Psychology, Pseudoscience, and Common Sense Scientific Psychology bears little relationship to "Pop" Psychology Fortune telling, numerology, graphology, and astronomy are not part of psychology Psychology is not just a fancy name for common sense Psychological research often produces findings that contradict popular beliefs

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Bumpy Logic Phrenology was a 19th-century pseudoscience– No scientific basis

Phrenology linked bumps on the skull with character traits

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Origins of Psychology Philosophy– Descartes, Plato, Socrates

Wilhelm Wundt credited as father of modern psychology– Founded a laboratory in Leipzig, Germany – 1879

Followed by British, American, Austrian psychologists

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Empirical Evidence Evidence gathered by careful observation, experimentation, and measurement.

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The Birth of Modern Psychology Functionalism: An early psychological approach that emphasized the function or purpose of behavior and consciousness Psychoanalysis: A theory of personality and a method of psychotherapy, originally formulated by Sigmund Freud, which emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts

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Structure of Text/Class Overview of Psychology Your Self Your Body Your Mind Your Environment Your Mental Health Your Life

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Overview of Psychology What psychologists do How they do it– The scientific method – Research ethics

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Your Self: Themes Personality Development

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Your Body: Themes Biological perspective:– A psychological approach that emphasizes bodily events and changes associated with actions, feelings, and thoughts

Underpinnings: Brain, neurons, hormones Leading to:– Sensation – Perception

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Your Mind: Themes Cognitive Perspective:– A psychological approach that emphasizes mental processes in perception, memory, language, problem solving, and other areas of behavior

Focus on– Thinking & Reasoning – Intelligence – Memory

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Your Environment: Themes Learning perspective:– A psychological approach that emphasizes how the environment and experience affect a person's or animal's actions

It includes– Behaviorism – Social-cognitive learning theories

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Your Mental Health: Themes Psychodynamic perspective:– A psychological approach that emphasizes unconscious dynamics within the inpidual, such as inner forces, conflicts, or the movement of instinctual energy

Focus on– Psychological Disorders – Therapy & Treatment

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Your Life: Themes Work– Industrial/Organizational Themes Selection Training Organizations

– Human Factors/Applied Cognition Design of everyday things

– Emotion, Str

ess, Health – Love, Sex, Food

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CH1 Overview of Psychology What psychologists do How they do it– The scientific method – Research ethics