How to Give a Successful Presentation

如何做口头报告,内容丰富,可参考性强,是欧洲硕博士培训的教材

How to Give a Successful PresentationUses material by J.W. Niemantsverdriet and The International Association of Science and Technology for Development

如何做口头报告,内容丰富,可参考性强,是欧洲硕博士培训的教材

IntroductionHave you ever been to an oral presentation that dealt with interesting science but could not pay attention ? – Is it you ? – Or is it the speaker ?

Good chance it is the speaker – How can we make presentations better ? – Must be aware of the audience

如何做口头报告,内容丰富,可参考性强,是欧洲硕博士培训的教材

Attention Did people come to see yourtalk specifically? Almost everyone listens in the beginning.Present message, make it clear the audience can’t afford to miss the rest!

To get message through, state it at the beginning and end

如何做口头报告,内容丰富,可参考性强,是欧洲硕博士培训的教材

Better ApproachDivide your presentation in several parts, each ended by an intermediate conclusion– Distracted people can always easily catch up with you – Important items said many times

如何做口头报告,内容丰富,可参考性强,是欧洲硕博士培训的教材

Why does an audience get distracted? Out of your control– Not enough sleep– Poor sound system – People walking by

– Other noises

Within your control– Speaker error – Presentation error

如何做口头报告,内容丰富,可参考性强,是欧洲硕博士培训的教材

Common ErrorsSpeaker lives in his own little world

Presentation structure, reasoning, unclear Visual aids confusing or unreadable– Too small, too crowded, etc. – Too many, too fast

Long, complicated sentences and jargon (行话)– Avoid too many passive sentences– “From this figure it was deduced that” to “This figure implies that”

如何做口头报告,内容丰富,可参考性强,是欧洲硕博士培训的教材

Common Errors Speaker reads speech from paper– Written language more formal and complex than verbal– Reading written text usually a lot faster than imprompt speaking – Never read from paper, even if speaking in a second language! Notes are OK, though Monotonous sentences, bad pronunciation – Too fast or too slow – Turning back to audience and watching screen instead of visual contact

如何做口头报告,内容丰富,可参考性强,是欧洲硕博士培训的教材

How Fast? Not too fast, please….!– If the talk is rehearsed too much, may speak too fast – Even though this may allow all material to be covered in the time limit, it is not in the interest of the audience

But try to vary your pace– As a rule of thumb, speaking at 150 words per minute is all right. – Key ideas, complicated points, or concluding remarks are best presented at a slower pace.

如何做口头报告,内容丰富,可参考性强,是欧洲硕博士培训的教材

Audience Involvement Invite Participation– “Are there any questions?” is usually not good enough

If possible, design the presentation to be

interactive– Exercises or games – Helps raise attention, memorability of exercise message, active instead of passive learning

如何做口头报告,内容丰富,可参考性强,是欧洲硕博士培训的教材

Background InformationAudiences love background information Good for attendees not specifically there for your subject– Give them the impression they will learn something – Means you must cover general aspects, good introduction – Will appreciate subtleties of your work if they understand the background

How much background?– Up to 30% of your talk but not much more (unless your whole talk is a background talk

!)

如何做口头报告,内容丰富,可参考性强,是欧洲硕博士培训的教材

Organizing Your Presentation Most written reports follow this format: – Introduction – Description of problem – Description of system, experimental methods – Results – Discussion – Conclusion – References

Fine for written reports, readers can skip around in the report as necessary Can’t skip around in an oral presentation!

如何做口头报告,内容丰富,可参考性强,是欧洲硕博士培训的教材

Problems with Traditional Presentation If the oral presentation follows the same format as the written report– Listeners must remember details of the methods whenthe results are presented

Better method: Split presentation into a presentation of many smaller problems– Group together each sub-problem, sub-method, subresults

– Overall conclusions at end

如何做口头报告,内容丰富,可参考性强,是欧洲硕博士培训的教材

如何做口头报告,内容丰富,可参考性强,是欧洲硕博士培训的教材

Spelling and Grammar Proof your slides for:– spelling mistakes– the use of repeated words – grammatical errors you might have make

If English is not your first language, please have someone else check your presentation!

如何做口头报告,内容丰富,可参考性强,是欧洲硕博士培训的教材

Graphs - Bad Minor gridlines (网格线) are unnecessary Font is too small Colors are illogical Title is missing Shading is distracting

如何做口头报告,内容丰富,可参考性强,是欧洲硕博士培训的教材

Graphs-bad

Graphs-goodNotes: Origin 处理数据，图中 所有的字最好都用Arial 36号字体，用标准的模 板！最好所有的图都用 一个模板，