60kW生物质气内燃发电机组控制系统设计研究

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上海交通大学

硕士学位论文

60kW生物质气内燃发电机组控制系统设计研究

姓名：樊俊杰

申请学位级别：硕士

专业：机械工程

指导教师：翁一武;陈宜亮

20080301

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60kW生物质气内燃发电机组控制系统设计研究

摘 要

作为人类应用得最早的一种能源——生物质能由于其所具有的

可再生性和低污染性在最近几年而再一次地受到了世界各国的关注。

在生物质的应用方式中气化是将生物质能转化为高效高品位清洁能

源的最有效方式之一，而所产生的生物质气可以作为锅炉、燃气轮机、

燃气内燃机的燃料。将生物质气作为内燃机的代用燃料对于我们这个

传统的农业大国来说具有先天的优势，但由于生物质气的热值低，燃

烧特性不同于常规燃料，要将这种燃料应用于火花点火的内燃发动机

上还需对内燃机的燃烧特性、控制特性作进一步的研究与改进。

由于生物质气自身的特点，用于发电的生物质气内燃机，大多是

在常规的燃气内燃机的基础上，进行改进使用的。本文研究的60kW

生物质气内燃发动机是采用6126发动机改进研制而成的。由于生物

质气热值低，不容易点火，对控制系统要求很高。

本文对生物质气内燃发电机组的技术条件参数以及结构原理进

行简单阐述,对其控制系统进行了研究，其控制系统主要由控制屏、

控制模块、电控混合器三部分组成。控制屏是该控制系统的主要控制

装置，可实现发电机组的综合参数采集及监控，包括水温、油压、缸

温、排温及电力参数，可实现多种保护、分闸、停机，并具有远程通

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讯功能。控制模块采集温度、压力等各类参数的工作信号，采用W77E58

与AT89S52单片机对采集信息进行处理、分析计算，再将控制信号输

出，本文对控制模块进行优化设计。电控混合器是控制系统的执行机

构，针对生物质气热值低、气成分变化大以及燃烧特性，设计了特殊

电控混合器，可以根据实际情况向发动机提供适应不同工况的可燃混

合气，根据设定功率点计算理论空燃比，采用PID算法输出控制值，

从而使机组在所要求的功率点稳定运行。

为了验证控制系统的可靠性，生物质气内燃发电机组进行了120

小时连续试验，试验结果表明控制系统的设计合理有效。

关键词：生物质气、发电机组、电控混合器、PID控制、控制系

统

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DESIGN RESEARCH OF CONTROL SYSTEM FOR 60KW

GAS ENGINE USING BIOMASS GAS

ABSTRACT

As one kind of the earliest energy people used - biology mass energy

has received much attention of various countries all over the world once

again in recent years because it is renewable and its pollution is very low.

Gasification is the most effective way to change biomass mass energy

into efficient ,clean and high-grade energy. And then biomass gas can be

used as fuel of boilers, gas turbines,and internal combustion gas engine.

We have inherent advantages in using biomass gas as an alternative fuel

of internal combustion engine in our country which is a big agricultural

one traditionally. But biomass gas/s calorific value is low , its combustion

characteristics is different from those of conventional fuels.So if we want

to use it in spark ignition engine ,we should do further research and

improvement on the combustion characteristics and control characteristics

of the internal combustion engine.

Bcause of its own chacteristics, the biomass gas internal combustion

engines is improved to use basing on conventional gas internal

combustion engine.60KW biomass gas internal combustion engine selects

6126 engine as its model . Biomass gas/s calorific value is low,so it is

hard to inginte.So the requirements of control system are higher

In this paper the technical parameters and the principle of the

structure of the generater is expounded simplely,and its control strategies

are researched.The main parts of the controlling system contain control

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modules ,control panels and electronic control mixer. Control module is

designed optimally in the signal acquisition of temperature and pressure,

and other parameters. The W77E58 and AT89S52 CPUs are used as

central controller CPUs to process and analysis the collection of the

information, and then the control signal is transfered out. The control

panel is the main devices of the control system, which can achieves

acquisition of the comprehensive parameters and controlling by computer,

including water temperature, oil pressure, cylinder temperature, exhaust

temperature and power parameters, and multiple protection can be

achieved at gating, parking, and long-range communications capabilities.

Electronic control mixer is implementing agency of the control

system .This paper targets the characteristics of biomass gas which

contains low calorific value and changes of composition of biomass gas

and its combustion characteristics to designed a special electronic

control mixer, whose main function is to provide engines with

combustible gas mixture to suit different working conditions . Its

principle is based on setting power points to analysis theory air-fuel ratio.

Actual air-fuel ratio is compared with stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, and its

deviation is used to adjust the opening of the gas and air volume changes.

The value of mixer opening adjusting is output by PID algorithm so that

the generator can run at the required power point stably. In order to verify

the control system reliability, durability testing is implemented in Jinan

biomass Institute. Test results show that the design of control system is

rational and effective.

Keywords : biomass gas, generators, electric mixer control, PID

control, control system

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上海交通大学工程硕士学位论文 符号说明

符号说明

A/F-空燃比

A：air-空气

F：fuel-燃料

P-额定功率，kW

n-额定转速，r/min

U-额定电压，V

I-额定电流，A

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