最全初中英语语法之-现在完成时和过去完成时教案

最全初中英语语法系列

现在完成时

一. 用法：

（1）动作发生在过去，强调对现在的影响。

与一般过去时的区别：

强调过去—一般过去式

强调对现在的影响---现在完成时。

试比较：

I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）

I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）

My mother went to Shanghai.

Where is your mother? ---She has gone to Shanghai.

. I didn’t have breakfast.

I haven’t have breakfast yet.

（2）动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。常被just、already、 yet 等副词修饰。如：

--Have you had lunch yet? --Yes, I have. I've just had it.

你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）

（3）现在完成时表示未完成。动作从过去延续到现在，还可能以后继续。通常和带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。

He has been in the army for ten years.

I have studied English since 1980.

（4）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，表示次数：一次once; 二次: twice, 三次：three times…, ever, never等时间状语。

如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。

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I have been to Shanghai twice.

She has watched this film three times.

I have never seen more beautiful girl than she.

练 习

1. 我已经在深圳住了十年。

___________________________________

2. 我的叔叔自从1960年以来都在寻找他的女儿。

___________________________________

3. 我踢足球已经有两年了。

___________________________________

4. 我自从1996年就认识玛丽

___________________________________

5. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.

6. I’ve known him __________ we were children.

7. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.

8. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.

9. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.

二. 构成：

(1) 肯定句：

(2) 否定句：...have/has not done

(3) 一般疑问句： Have/ Has ... done ....?

Yes, ... have/has. No, ...have/has not.

(4) 常用的时间状语有：

或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.

最全初中英语语法系列

A. already和yet区别:

already用在_______，位于_______。 “已经”

yet用在_______和________中，位于_______。“仍然，还，已经”

B.for 与since区别: for +时间段 since+ 时间点

I have lived in Changchun__________ two years.

I have been here__________7 o'clock.

用since和for填空

1. ______ two years 2._______ two years ago 3. _______ last month

4.______ 1999 5._______ yesterday 6. _______ 4 o’clock

7. ______ 4 hours 8._______ an hour 9. _______ we were children

10. _____ lunch time 11.______ she left here 12, _______ she was very young

13. _______ she was a child 14, _____ more than twenty years

三. have been in, have been to 与 have gone to 的用法区别

（一）.have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如：

Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。

此外还有这些搭配： have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm

have been here (there) / abroad

（二）.have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，例如：

I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。

Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。

Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？

最全初中英语语法系列

have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：

I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。

They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。

（三）.have(has) gone to意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。

例如：----Where is Tom? ----He has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里？他到书店去 Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。

练 习

I. 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。

A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?

B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.

A: How long ___________ he ___________ there?

B: He _____________ there for three days.

A: When will he come back , do you know?

B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.

A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?

B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.

A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?

B: He _____________ there only once.

II. 用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。

1) Where is Jack? He __________ his country.

2) David ___________ the park just now.

3) John __________ England since he came back.

4) How long _________ have _________ this village?

5) The Smiths __________ Beijing for years.

6) ________ you ever _________ America? -- Yes, I _________ there many times.

7) I _________ this school since three years ago.

8) Where is Jim? He ________ the farm.

9) When________ he _________? He __________ an hour ago.

10) Would you like to _________ the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _______ there

before.

11) Where _________ you _________ now? --- I ___________ the zoo.

12) He often _________ swimming.

13) __________ you __________ there last year?

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14) __________ they often __________ skating in winter?

四.注意

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