Computer English Unit 9 The Internet（计算机英语 第九单元 因(3)

the home as well where they are used to create hotspots in which any wireless-enabled computer (laptop or hand held) that comes within range can access the Internet.

这种无线局部网在家庭之外也很流行，被用于建立热区。在这些热区的范围内，任何具有无线上网能力的计算机（膝上型或手持式计算机）均可访问因特网。 Examples include office buildings, “cyber cafes”,public plaza, and entire cities. 热区的例子包括办公楼、网吧、公共购物广场以及整个城市。

In closing we should note that ISPs provide much more than mere access to the Internet. 最后，我们应该强调，因特网服务提供商远不止于提供因特网访问服务。

In many cases they are the companies that construct

and

maintain

the

Internet

infrastructure.

在许多情况下，它们也是构建和维护因特网基础结构的公司。

Moreover, their services generally include a wide

array of both hardware and software support for their customers.

而且，它们的服务一般包括为其顾客提供一系列广泛的硬件与软件支持。

In fact, an ISP might provide a significant portion of the computing resources (such as data storage and data processing services) required by a client.

事实上，因特网服务提供商还可能提供顾客所需的计算资源（如数据存储和数据处理服务）中的相当大一部分。

Ⅲ. Internet Addressing 三、因特网编址

An internet must be associated with an internet-wide addressing system that assigns an identifying address to each computer in the system. 一个互联网必须与一个互联网范围的编址系统相联系，该系统给系统中的每台计算机分配一个标识地址。 In the Internet theses addresses are known as IP addresses.

在因特网中，这些地址称为IP地址。

Each IP address is a pattern of 32 bits, although plans are currently underway to increase this to 128 bits.

每个IP地址是一个32位模式，但人们当前正在实施将其扩展到128位的计划。

Each 32-bit address consists of two parts: 每个32位地址由两部分构成：

a pattern identifying the domain in which the computer resides and a pattern identifying the particular computer within the domain. 一部分是标识计算机所在域的模式，另一部分是标识域内特定计算机的模式。

The part of the address identifying the domain, the network identifier, is assigned under the authority of ICANN at the time the domain is registered.

地址中标识域的那部分，即网络标识符，是注册域时根据ICANN的授权分配的。

Thus it is by means of this registration process that each domain in the Internet is assured of

having a unique network identifier.

因此，因特网中的每个域是通过这个注册过程才确保拥有一个独特网络标识符的。

The portion of the address that identifies a particular computer within a domain is called the host address.

地址中标识域内特定计算机的那部分叫做主机地址。 The host address is assigned by the domain’s local authority-usually a person having a job title such as network administrator or system administrator.

主机地址由域的本地管理机构（通常是具有网络管理员或系统管理员等职别的人）分配。

IP address are traditionally written in dotted decimal notation in which the bytes of the address are separated by periods and each byte is expressed as an integer represented in traditional base ten notation.

IP地址传统上是用点分十进制记数法书写的。其中，地址的各字节用圆点分隔，每个字节用一个整数来表示，而该整数是用传统的以10为底的记数法来表示的。

For example, using dotted decimal notation, the pattern 5.2 would represent the two-byte bit pattern 0000010100000010, which consists of the byte 00000101 (represented by 5) followed by the byte 00000010 (represented by 2), and the pattern 17.12.25 would represent the three-byte bit pattern consisting of the byte 00010001 (which is 17 written in binary notation), followed by the byte 00001100 (12 written in binary), followed by the byte 00011001 (25 written in binary). 例如，使用点分十进制记数法，5.2这个模式代表0000010100000010这个两字节位模式，其中包含字节00000101（用5表示）和其后的字节00000010（用2表示）；而17.12.25这个模式代表一个三字节位模式，其中包含字节00010001（这是用二进制记数法书写的17）、随后的字节00001100（用二进制书写的12）以及最后的字节00011001（用二进制书写的25）。

Thus a computer in the domain of the Addison-Wesley publishing company might have the IP address 192.207.177.133, where the first three bytes (192.207.177) form the network identifier