全国计算机软考软件设计师考前练习及答案(2)

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（6）Some software standards developed by IEEE and ANSI describe ． a．configuration management plans b．documentation

c．specification practices d．software comparison

（7）The activity of quality assurance involves ． a．verification activity b．program walkthroughs c．design reviews d．validation activity

（8）The process of software development includes ． a．verification function b．management function c．validation function d．writing code

2．Fill in the blanks with appropriate words or phrases．

（1）The development team’s responsibility is to ．

（2）Quality assurance must ensure that ．

（3）Software quality assurance is now an of software engineering．

（4）Assessment of software quality still relies on ．

（5）We are not yet capable of quantifying ．

（6）At each stage of the software life cycle the activity of software quality assurance is clo-sely related to．

（7）One of the elusive nature of software quality is ．

（8）The activity of quality assurance also involves ． a．emerging subdiscipline of software engineering

b．checking the finished product and its associated documentation to be conformed with exist standards

c．most software characteristics d．validating the system

e．verification and validation activities

f．a product meets or exceeds prespecified standards g．the judgement of skilled individuals

h．to develop software standards for quality assurance

答案： 1

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（1）a，c，d

（2）a，b （3）a，b （4）c，d

（5）a，b，c，d （6）a，b，c，d （7）b，c （8）a，c，d 2

（1）d （2）f （3）a （4）g （5）c （6）e （7）h （8）b

软件质量保证阅读(中英文对照)

SOFTWARE QUALITY ASSURANCE

The activity of software quality assurance is closely related to verification and validation activities carried out at each stage of the software life cycle[1]．Indeed，in many organizations there is no distinction made between these activities．However，quality assurance and other verification and validation activities are actually quite separate，with quality assurance being a management function and verification and validation being part of the process of software development[2]．

An appropriate definition of software quality assurance is provided by Bersoff（1984）：Quality assurance consists of those procedures，techniques and tools applied by professionals to ensure that a product meets or exceeds prespecified standards during a products development cycle[3]；and without specific prescribed standards，quality assurance entails ensuring that a product meets or exceed a minimal industrial and / or commercially acceptable level of excellence．

This definition is，of course[4]，a fairly general one and it suggests that，firstly，software standards can be established and，secondly，the level of excellence of a software product can be estimated．

The development of software engineering project standards is an extremely difficult process. A standard is some abstract representation of a product which defines the minimal level of performance，robustness，organization，etc.，which the developed product must attain[5]．At the time of writing，some software standards have been developed by the IEEE，ANSI and military organizations．

These standards describe configuration management plans，documentation，specification practices，software comparisons，etc．Other standards which are currently under development include standards for reliability，measurement，the use of Ada as PDL[6]，software testing and others．Bransta d and Powell（1984）describe both existing and planned software standards as well as discussing standardization in more general terms．

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The problem with national software standards is that they tend to be very general in nature.

This is inevitable as，unlike hardware，we are not yet capable of quantifying most software characteristics．Effective quality assurance within an organization thus requires the development of more specific organizational standards．

Of course，the problem which arises in developing software standards for quality assurance and which makes the assessment of the level of excellence of a software product difficult to assess is the elusive nature of software quality．Boehm et al．（1978）suggest that quality criteria include but are not limited to：

Economy Correctness Resilience Integrity Reliability Usability Documentation Modifiability Clarity

Understandability Validity Maintainability Flexibility Generality Portability Interoperability Testability Efficiency Modularity Reusability

Exactly how some of these criteria may be quantified is not clear．Furthermore，as Buckley and Poston（1984）point out，parts of this definition may have no value for a particular product．It may be possible to transfer a system from a microcomputer to a large mainframe but this is often a nonsensical thing to do．Assessment of software quality thus still relies on the judgement of skilled in …… 此处隐藏：8062字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……