科技创新论文-重金属污染土壤植物修复技术研究与应用现状(2)

事故后，利用植物修复技术治理土壤重金属Zn、Cd污染。结果表明，利用植物提取技术修复高含硫气井井喷事故对土壤的污染是有效的;首次发现大黄对土壤中硫元素污染的修复效果特别好，使其含量降低了77%;柳树、杂草等对Zn、Cd的修复效果较好，使其含量降低了70%，而杂草对其他元素也有较好的修复效果。预计植物修复大约需要两年才能使土壤恢复正常水平。黄会一等发现杨树(Populusspp)对镉和汞有很好的消减和净化功能,可以用于镉和汞污染的土壤修复,熊建平(1991)研究,水稻田改种苎麻后极大地缩短了受汞污染的土壤恢复到背景值水平的时间。

我国已在广西环江、湖南郴州、云南个旧、浙江富阳、广东乐昌等地建立起重金属污染土壤修复工程，在矿区发现了多种超富集植物，并筛选出19种对铜、铅、锌、镉、镍、钴、锰等重金属具有潜在超富集功能的植物，室内盆栽、野外模拟实验也正在进行，前期工作已取得重要进展

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我国有着丰富的植物资源，在自然界、特别是在被污染了的矿区对超积累植物资源进行调查筛选和鉴定收集，建立超积累植物数据库是当务之急。利用植物基因工程技术构建出高效去除环境重金属污染的植物，是一个植物修复的研究方向。

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