浮头式换热器E201设计

浮头式换热器的设计

摘 要

本设计说明书是关于浮头式换热器的设计，主要是进行了换热器的工艺计算、换热器的结构和强度设计。

换热器是化工、炼油、动力、食品、轻工、原子能、制药、机械及其它许多工业部门广泛使用的一种通用设备。近二三十年来，化工、石油、轻工等过程工业得到了迅猛发展。因此，要求提供尺寸小，重量轻、换热能力大的换热设备。在设计过程中，我尽量采用较新的国家标准，做到既满足设计要求，又使结构优化，降低成本，以提高经济效益为主，力争使产品符合生产实际需要，适合市场激烈的竞争。同时为了使本次设计能够进行顺利，我在设计前参阅了许多有关书籍和英文文献，并做了一定量的外文翻译工作。

设计的前半部分主要是对换热器的原理、结构进行的详细的描述，从而进行换热器的选型，结构设计分析。设计的后半部分则是关于结构和强度的设计，主要是根据已经选定的换热器型式进行设备内各零部件的设计，如管板、折流板、定距管、钩圈、管箱等。包括：设计计算、材料的选择、具体尺寸确定、确定具体位置、管板厚度的计算、浮头盖和浮头法兰厚度的计算、开孔补强计算等。最后绘制一张装配图，三张零部件图。

关键词：浮头式换热器；设计；校核

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Floating Head Heat Exchanger Design

Abstract

This design manual is about the floating head heat exchanger design, mainly for the heat exchanger process calculation, heat exchanger design of the structure and strength.

Heat exchanger is the chemical, oil refining, power, food, light industry, atomic energy, pharmaceutical, machinery, and other widely used in many industrial sectors as a general-purpose device. The past 23 years, chemical, petroleum, light industry and other process industries have been developing rapidly. Therefore, the required small size, light weight, large capacity heat exchanger heat transfer equipment. In the design process, I try to use a relatively new national standard, so not only meet the design requirements, but also to structural optimization, cost reduction, mainly to improve economic efficiency, and strive to make the products meet the actual needs of production for the market competition. Meanwhile, in order to make this design smoothly carried out, I read a lot before in the design of the books and English literature, and to do a certain amount of foreign language translation work

The first part of the design is mainly the principle of heat exchanger, a detailed description of the structure, which for heat exchanger selection, structure design. The latter part is about the design of the structure and strength of the special heat exchanger, which is mainly to design the parts, such as tube-sheet, baffle plate, distance control,

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floating cover, tube boxes and so on , based on the heat exchanger types selected. The paper include: design and calculation, material selection, determining the specific dimensions , determining the exact location, pipe thickness calculation, the floating head cover and floating head flange thickness calculation, the opening reinforcement calculation. Finally I draw an assembly map, three parts diagram.

Key words: Floating Head Heat Exchanger; Design; Check

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目录

1 前言 ............................................................... 1 2 说明部分 ........................................................... 3 2.1 换热器的分类及其特点............................................ 3 2.2 浮头式换热器.................................................... 5 2.3 浮头式换热器特点................................................ 6 3 计算部分 ........................................................... 7 3.1 筒体的计算...................................................... 7 3.1.1 原始数据.................................................... 7 3.1.2 厚度的计算.................................................. 8 3.1.3 压力试验应力校核............................................ 8 3.2 前后端封头的计算................................................ 9 3.2.1 计算条件.................................................... 9 3.2.2 前端封头的厚度计算.......................................... 9 3.2.3 后端封头的厚度计算......................................... 10 3.3 前后端短节厚度的计算........................................... 11 3.3.1 计算条件................................................... 11 3.3.2 前端短节厚度的计算......................................... 12 3.3.3 后端短节厚度的计算........................................ 12

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3.4 带法兰无折边球形封头及法兰计算................................. 13 3.4.1 符号说明................................................... 13 3.4.2 设计条件................................................... 13 3.4.3 管程压力Pt作用下（内压）浮头盖的计算...................... 14 3.4.4 壳程压力Ps作用下（外压）浮头盖的计算...................... 20 3.5 管板的厚度计算................................................. 26 3.5.1 固定管板的设计条件......................................... 26 3.5.2 浮动管板的设计条件......................................... 30 3.6 钩圈的计算..................................................... 34 3.6.1 设计条件................................................... 34 3.6.2 钩圈计算厚度............................................... 34 3.7 开孔与开孔补强的计算........................................... 35 3.7.1 符号说明................................................... 35 3.7.2 补强的判断方法............................................. 36 3.7.3 筒体开孔所需的补强面积..................................... 36 3.7.4 有效补强范围............................................... 37 3.7.5 有效补强面积............................................... 38 4结 论.............................................................. 40 参考文献 ............................................................ 41 谢辞 ................................................................ 42

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