比较级和比较结构

第25讲

比较等级和比较结构

英语中大多数形容词和副词都是“可等级的”（Gradable），因而可以用于比较结构。当形容词和副词用于比较结构时，它们采取特殊的语法形式，这就是比较结构。 25．1 形容词和副词的比较等级

大多数形容词和副词的比较等级有三：原级（Positive/Absolute Degree）、比较级（Comparative Degree）和最高级（Superlative Degree）。比较级和最高级又可分为、规则形式和不规则形式。大多数形容词和副词的比较级和最高级都是规则的，只有少数几个是不规则的。兹分述如下。

1） 形容词比较级和最高级的规则形式

形容词比较级和最高级的规则形式有两种表示方法：一是由原级加后缀-er和-est构成，即所谓“综合形式”（Synthetic Form）；二是在原级之前加more和most构成，即所谓“分析形式”（Analytic Form）。

一般说来，单音节形容词的比较级和最高级多采用综合形式，即加-er和-est的形式。例如： Kind kinder kindest Clear clearer clearest Old older oldest

Cold colder coldest Long longer longest

三音节或多于三音节的形容词，其比较级和最高级通常采用分析形式，即在原级之前加more和most的形式。例如： Instructive more instructive most instructive Beautiful more beautiful most beautiful Difficult more difficult most difficult Complicated more complicated most complicated Contemptible more contemptible most contemptible 双音节形容词的比较级和最高级通常既可采用综合形式，也可采用分析形式。例如：

Tender tenderer/more tender tenderest/most tender Clever cleverer/more clever cleverest/most clever

双音节形容词的比较级和最高级通常既可采用两种形式，但以-y结尾和以-ow结尾的双音节形容词多半采取综合形式。例如： Happy happier happiest Pretty prettier prettiest Narrow narrower narrowest Shallow shallower shallowest

2） 副词比较级和最高级的规则形式

副词比较级和最高级规则形式的构成与形容词比较级和最高级基本相似。单音节副词通常采用综合形式。例如：

Fast faster fastest Hard harder hardest Soon sooner soonest Late later latest

而以-ly结尾的副词以及某些频度副词则多半采用分析形式。例如：

Clearly more clearly most clearly Wisely more wisely most wisely Frugally more frugally most frugally Often more often most often

3） 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的不规则形式

有少数几个形容词和副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，它们是：

Bad worse worst Good/well better best Old older/elder oldest/eldest Far further/farther furthest/farthest Much more most Badly worse worst Well better best

下面一则练习要求采用形容词或副词的比较等级形式填空： EXERCISE 25 A

Fill in a suitable adjective or adverb in its appropriate form in each blank：

1、A 100-watt lamp shines brightly；a 150-watt lamp——。 2、The stone house is cool，but its basement is——。 3、Rainy days are cold，but we have the——weather of all on clear，windy days in winter。

4、There are ten rather deep lakes near here；Green Lake is the——。

5、The Rocky Mountains are high，the Andes are——yet，and the Himalayas are the——in the world。

6、He always talks seriously，but his wife often talks even——。 7、The Indian Ocean is big，but the Atlantic is——。The Pacific is the ——of all。

8．Cotton pillows are soft，feather pillows are——， and down pillows are the——of all。

9．I did not work hard last year，but I am now working much——。

10．Coal is hard，granite is——，and diamonds are the——mineral known。

11．He arrived late yesterday，but today he arrived a little——。 12．When it is hot in the morning，you can expect it to be——at soon，and the——of all in the early afternoon。

13．It started to grow light about 6 o’clock this morning，and from then on it got——。

14．The child was very young，but she was not the——in the family。Her sister was——。

15．Peter is a very swift runner，but Gerald is the——racer on the team。

16．Is Nanjing far from Shanghai？no，it is no。Wuxi is a little——，and Suzhou is the ——of all。

17．The countryside here is lovely，but I think the region where I grew up is——。Sometimes I think it is——place in the world。

18．Although all the stores are convenient，the corner store is the——。

19．All this fuss about those musicians is perfectly silly。It is——thing I have ever heard。

20．Most of the public schools are too crowded；ours is——of all。

25．2 比较结构

形容词和副词比较等级用于句子当中便形成比较结构（Comparative Construction）。英语比较结构最主要的有三种：as````as结构，more```than结构和the most结构。在讲比较结构的时候，还要把由某些限定词和代词的比较等级构成