07Beginning and Ending a Speech

beginning and ending a speech

Beginning and Ending a Speech

beginning and ending a speech

I. General Requirements II. Approaches to beginning the speech III. Approaches to ending the speech IV. Points for attention Practice& research work

beginning and ending a speech

Questions for warming-up How to begin a presentation effectively and impressively? What should be avoided in presenting the beginning? How to produce an effective ending to be impressive? What should be avoided in putting an ending to the speech?

beginning and ending a speech

Well-prepared introductions and conclusions must satisfy the following purposes: (1)Allow a speaker and the audience to enter into and then depart from a clear relationship; (2)Orient the audience to his purposes and ideas and clarify both at the end; (3)Signal clearly when a speech starts and ends so as to keep the audience as comfortable as possible.

beginning and ending a speech

I. General Requirements 1. Optimizing psychology and building up confidence Think of ways to overcome and avoid Stage Fright—overestimation of the audience Question: How to overcome nervousness?

beginning and ending a speech

Ways to overcome stage fright:

(1)Realize that tension and nervousness are normal and even beneficial to speaker; (2)Take comfort in the fact that tension is physiologically reduced by the act of speaking. A careful preparation will work; the situation will be under control. (3)Analyze both the situation and the audience. (4)Careful preparation must be matched with a calm mood, and fear only results in even worse presentation. (5)We may lack confidence in English. Actually, most speakers use English as a foreign language at an international conference, the audience are likely to forgive the occasional mistakes made due to difficulties in the foreign language.

beginning and ending a speech

2. Controlling the voice. 1). Volume (Loudness) 2). Speech Rate Speak neither too fast nor too slowly with the normal rate of 120-150words/min 3). Intonation/stress Unlike the reading of literary works, the presenter of an academic paper tends to avoid radical changes of intonation and too flavorful performance. Generally, speakers assume a rather plain intonation in such situations. Loudness, rate, enunciation (发音方法), and pronunciation interact to determine intelligibility. Changing rate, pitch, stress, and pauses provide a variety for presentation and help eliminate monotonous delivery.

beginning and ending a speech

3. On-the-spot adjustment Speakers should always make adjustment according to the reactions of the audience: facial expressions, body language

beginning and ending a speech

II. Approaches to beginning the speech1. Beginning by straightforwardness To come straight to the point without any roundabout statement is the most common way of speaking. e.g. Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, The title of my presentation is…

beginning and ending a speech

e.g. Mr. Chairman, fellow colleagues, First, I'd like to tell you briefly the background of my paper, and then present my three Hypotheses. e.g. Good morning, what I would like to talk about is mainly ... Now. I'm going to briefly list a number of its basic characteristics. They are…

beginning and ending a speech

e.g. Ladies and gentlemen, I have been greatly e

nlightened by the previous talks I have heard here. And now. I would like to talk about my own work, which will be dealt with in the following way… e.g. Mr. Chairman, representatives, I am very glad to have the opportunity to report my research on such an occasion. I'll lay my stress on the following three aspects. The first aspect is...

beginning and ending a speech

2. Beginning by appreciation Before the speaker comes to the platform, the chairperson of the conference (or the session) usually makes a brief complementary introduction about him or her. Prior to the presentation, it is appropriate for the speaker to express thanks to the chairperson and send greetings to the participants. e.g. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Ladies and gentlemen, what I am going to say can be roughly summed up into the following three points. First, let's see PPT No. 1. (Turning to the computer) Please !

beginning and ending a speech

e.g. Dear colleagues, First of all, I would like to thank our Mr. Chairman and our generous hosts, for providing many professionals who have come from all over the world with such a pleasant atmosphere to meet, exchange views, and share thoughts and findings. What I like to talk about is… e.g. Mr. Chairman, Thank you for your warm introduction and also for your efforts in making the opening of the conference so successful. Just now the over-praised introduction you have given me, I think, is meant for the study on"..." that I have been carrying on in recent years. Now I would like to say something about the study, I will welcome your comments at the end....

beginning and ending a speech

3. Beginning with background introduction When the author cannot be present at the conference, three measures can be taken: (1)Cancel the particular presentation from the agenda; (2)Change the oral presentation into poster display; (3)Be presented by someone else. While making a presentation on behalf of someone else, the speaker should first ask for permission from the chairperson and explain to the audience about the background when necessary.

beginning and ending a speech

e.g. Ladies and gentlemen. Professor Jin Weihung of Donghu University of Wuhan may be known to not a few present. He's been engaged in the study on ABC for many years, and a number of his papers have been published. But today he couldn't come for h …… 此处隐藏：4444字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……