(毕业设计)市内公交车车身总布置设计说明书

摘 要

伴随着社会科技的不断前进，现代汽车车身总布置也在迅速变革与发

展。人机工程学、空气动力学和现代化制造方法的发展促使汽车车身总布

置的不断更新和完善，传统与创新艺术风格的有机结合也影响着车身总布

置的美学实践。然而，每一款新车型的问世都离不开车身总布置和它的设计工

具，汽车车身总布置是汽车概念设计阶段的一项相当重要的方案设计工作。

本文介绍了某大型低地板城市客车总布置设计，详细叙述了总布置方案设计

的全过程，特别是利用人体工程学进行了驾驶员和乘客的位置确定，使驾驶员及

乘客座椅等车内设施符合人机工程学，保证驾驶员和乘客有安全、舒适的乘坐环

境。

设计此款公交车的目的是初步定位市区主干道的客运市场上。以其优势竞争

市区主干道客运市场，并占领一定的市场份额。

关键词：车身总布置设计；人机工程学;城市公交车

Abstract

Follows the social science and technology unceasing advance, the modern

automobile body is always arranging also in the rapid transformation and the

development.The man-machine engineering, the aerodynamics and the modernized

manufacture method development urges the unceasing renewal and the consummation

which the automobile body always arranges, traditional and the innovation artistic style

organic synthesis is also affecting esthetics practice which the automobile body always

arranges.However, each section new vehicle being published cannot leave the

automobile body always to arrange and its design tool, the automobile body total

arrangement is an automobile conceptual design stage quite important project design

work.

This paper has referred the packaging design of the large-scale, low floor city bus,

and introduced the whole process of packaging scheme design in detail, especially

utilizing the Ergonomics to design the position of the drivers and passengers, Facilities

accords with man-machine engineering , ensures that the pilot and the passenger have

safe , comfortable riding in within making the pilot and the passenger seat wait for a

bus environment.

The downtown area turnpike road passenger transport marketplace designing that

this money public transit vehicle purpose is that the first step fixes position is upper.

And the marketplace competing for downtown area turnpike road passenger transport

with whose advantage, captures certain market share.

Key words：Auto-body general arrangement；Ergonomics ;City bus

目 录

第1章 绪 论 .......................................................................................................... 1

1.1 车身总布置设计概述 ............................................................................... 1

1.2 本次设计的简介 ....................................................................................... 2

1.3 本设计采用的绘图软件介绍 ................................................................... 2

1.3.1 CAXA电子图板简介 ..................................................................... 2

1.3.2 CAXA的特点 ................................................................................. 4

1.4 本次设计主要内容及预期达到的目的 ................................................... 5

第2章 车身设计方法 ............................................................................................ 6

2.1 传统的车身设计方法 ............................................................................... 6

2.2 现代设计方法 ........................................................................................... 6

2.3 本设计采用的设计方法 ........................................................................... 9

2.3.1 概念设计 ........................................................................................ 9

2.3.2 工程设计 ...................................................................................... 10

2.4 车身总布置内容及原则 ......................................................................... 10

2.5 人机工程学概况 ..................................................................................... 11

2.6 人机工程学在汽车车身总布置上的应用 ............................................. 11

2.7 车身承载方式的确定 ............................................................................. 13

2.7.1 车身的承载方式 .......................................................................... 13

2.7.2 本车承载方式的确定 .................................................................. 14

2.8 动力总成的布置 ..................................................................................... 14

2.8.1 动力总成布置的原则 .................................................................. 14

2.8.2 本车动力总成的布置 .................................................................. 16

第3章 车身总布置尺寸参数的确定 .................................................................. 17

3.1 整车布置的基准线——零线的确定 ..................................................... 17

3.2 车身外廓尺寸参数确定 ......................................................................... 19

3.2.1 本设计参考车型参数 .................................................................. 19

3.2.2 确定地板高度 .............................................................................. 20

3.2.3 确定驾驶员座椅 .......................................................................... 21

3.2.4 确定乘客区座椅的布置 .............................................................. 24

3.2.5 仪表盘的布置 .............................................................................. 25

3.2.6 乘客门的布置设计 ...................................................................... 25

3.2.7 脚踏板的布置设计 ...................................................................... 25

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