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文献出处：Cude B. The comparative study of Endowment insurance system [J]. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 2016, 15(3):57-67.

原文

The comparative study of Endowment insurance system

Cude B

Abstract

Population aging is a common social problem facing today's world, a growing number of elderly population affects the population structure of society. How to set up this part of people's life, already became the various countries' imminent tasks. Old-age insurance system is in this situation, and constantly develop and change. Is it was originally set up in order to guarantee laborers at the labor out areas or lose the basic life after labor. Is the protection of laborer aged life? With the development of social economy, the reformation of endowment insurance are guaranteed scope expanding gradually to the various social strata of the elderly, security content is more detailed and perfect. The three countries of east Asia in the old-age insurance system has a long development process, has accumulated a lot of experience .Especially in Japan, as the aging population big country, the establishment of endowment insurance system for more than 50 years, has formed a complete old-age insurance system, until the whole world is in east Asia is very representative. South Korea in the aspect of endowment insurance has decades of reform and development, although in some respects and Japan's endowment insurance is similar, but also has its own characteristic, its according to their own actual situation to form a set of suitable own endowment insurance system. Singapore is the old-age insurance system in the world one of the typical country representative.

Keywords: East Asia; Endowment insurance; Comparative study

1 Introduction

Endowment insurance is a major project of social insurance, plays a very important role in the social security system, all countries in the world attach great importance to the construction and development of endowment insurance system. So-called endowment insurance (or endowment insurance system) is "the state and society according to certain laws and regulations, in order to solve the laborer to terminate the labor obligations stipulated by the state of working age limits, or lose labor ability for old quit the labor post after the basic life and establish a social insurance

system." This concept mainly includes the following meanings: on the second floor "endowment insurance as prescribed by the applicable objects are those that reach the legal age of old people. They are no longer participate in social production activities, or production activities is not the main content of their social life. The purpose of the endowment insurance is to withdraw from the labor in the field of old people provide the basic life need, let them have a stable life of the elderly. Endowment insurance is the social insurance as the means to achieve the goal of security." 2 The type of endowment insurance

At present, more than 160 countries and regions around the world have established the system of different types of endowment insurance, can be roughly divided into three patterns: traditional endowment insurance, the country as a whole model endowment insurance and deposit endowment insurance.

2.1 Traditional endowment insurance

Traditional endowment insurance system, is the main mode of endowment insurance, common practice in many countries in the world. It is also known as insurance fund type of endowment insurance, or employment correlation of endowment insurance. The pattern of old-age insurance system originated in Germany in 1889 promulgated the social insurance law "the elderly and disabled, after being adopted by developed countries and the east and western industrialized countries have become the mainstream in today's world of endowment insurance mode. Germany and Japan, the United States also became the representative of this type of endowment insurance. Traditional endowment insurance legislation forcing employees to join, the compulsory employers and employees, respectively the contribution rate of pay insurance fees in accordance with the relevant provisions. Countries as backing of endowment insurance, funding policy in fiscal, tax and interest. That is to say, in this pattern pension raise is borne by employers, employees, and the national two parties jointly, which accounts for most of the employer and employee, countries only a supplementary role

2.2 Countries as a whole model endowment insurance

Countries as a whole mode can be divided into two categories, namely welfare pension insurance and the national endowment insurance. Welfare pension insurance, the endowment insurance of the welfare state, just as its name implies is the welfare state is generally take the endowment insurance system. Implement the pattern is the earliest, and Sweden is the most typical

representative. Countries national endowment insurance model is based on theory of state insurance, endowment insurance is set up and implement in former Soviet Union in Eastern Europe, Mongolia and the socialist countries such as North Korea. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, basically have no state shall practice a system of this type of endowment insurance.

2.3 Deposit endowment insurance

Deposit endowment insurance, also known as the mandatory saving mode and countries the pattern is relatively small, is typical representative of Singapore's central provident fund system and Chile's completely oil increase the pension system. The characteristics of this model is that the cost of the endowment insurance fully borne by individuals and businesses, countries will not be directly funded, but through relevant policy give preferential. Set up individual account, pay the insurance fees and interest is accumulated in the personal account, one-time or hire out during retirement. Th …… 此处隐藏：11594字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……