英语国家社会与文化入门上册知识要点整理

Unit1.（选择、判断、填空）

1.The flag of Britain : Union Jack

2.

3.The time joining the British parliament:

However, in by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments, Scotland

joined the Union.

4.Difference between the British Isles ,UK, Great Britain , and England:

British Isles:

the island of Great Britain

the island of Ireland

surrounding isles

UK=Great Britain + Northern Ireland

Great Britain =England +Scotland + Wales

5.The four major invasions in the history of Great Britain :

At first, England was occupied by Celtic people.

Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire.

the Angle-Saxon invaded.

The land they lived became" Angle-land",later changed into England, the

language they spoken became English.

the Vikings invaded.

in a certain cultural divide between northerners and southerners in England,

which can be expressed as "Saxon" versus "Dane".

the Normans , William of Normandy invaded this country.

in invading

London: (P18)

Unit2（选择、判断、填空）

Northern Ireland (often called "Ulster"after an ancient Irish kingdom)

1.Activities to seek Irish independence :

Home -rule

The Easter Rising of 1916: was the most spectacular event, in which the rebels

took over Dublin's Post Office, forcing the British to retake it by military means.

2.Political parties:

the Sinn Fein party

legal

IRA: Irish Republican Army (illegal)

3.Political troubles in Northern Ireland (famous):

Indigenous Roman Catholics vs. Protestant immigrates

Partition(分割) : The southern 26 counties would form an independent "free

state", while the 6 north-eastern counties would remain a part of the UK.

4.the Good Friday Agreement :(了解下，P36)

Unit 3

1.Process of state building:

The process of state-building has been one of evolution rather than revolution.

2.The oldest institution of government in Britain :

Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.

3.Divine right of kings :

It was held that the sovereign derived his authority from God, not from his subjects.

4.Magna Carta :

limits on the king's ability to abuse his royal power.

5.the Bill of Rights :

ensured that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament. ( William of Orange

时期)

6.The Constitution :(P49)

7.The functions of parliament :（P49）

8.Parliament:

She is legally head of the executive, an integral part of the legislature, head of the

judiciary, commander in chief of the armed forces and "supreme governor" of the

Church of England，a confidante to the Prime Minister（了解下）

do not receive salaries ，both sexist and elitist (了解下)

Lords Spiritual hereditary peers

Lords Temporal life peers

(P49)

Unit4

1.The importance of general elections:(P67) 2.The electoral campaigns :(P67)

3.The formation of the government :(P67)

5.Ethnic relations in the UK:(P67) 了解下

6.The main political parties in the UK:

the Conservative Party won 4 elections in row

a party of the "middle"

改革(There were also negative consequences) 了解下

Unit5(判断、选择、填空)

1、Absolute Decline

2、Relative Decline of the UK economy: (P81) 重要

3、the reason for its relative decline :(了解下)

the country had gone heavily into debt in order to finance the war

the era of empire was over

Large military expenses

Outdated industries and less-competitive products

A lack of close relationship between industry and banks

4.The division of British industries :

Primary industries (mining industry 矿业)

Secondary industries (steelindustry钢铁业)

Tertiary industries (insurance 保险， the selling of goods)

5.The City: The name given to the historic area at the centre of London

6.The London Stock Exchange: The heart of the City

（伦敦的中心是伦敦城，伦敦城的中心是伦敦证券交易所）

Unit6（填空、选择、判断）

1.Beowulf :

One of the oldest of these early "Old English" literary works is a long poem from

Anglo-Saxon times called Beowulf.

2.Geoffrey Chaucer：The Canterbury Tales

3.Elizabethan Drama:

Marlowe ： The Tragical History of Dr Faustus

William Shakespeare

The Taming of the Shrew

Hamlet A Midsummer Night's Dream

Othello （重要） King Lear The Tempest

Macbeth.

：Richard III, Richard II, Henry IV, and Henry V. Julius Caesar， Antony

and Cleopatra

4.The 17th Century:

John Milton : Paradise Lost

5.The 18th Century:

Jonathan Swift : Gulliver's Travels

6.The Romantic Period:

William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge：Lyrical Ballads （marked the

beginning of the Romantic Period. ）

George Gordon, Lord Byron Three men John Keats

Percy Bysshe Shelley

7.The Nineteenth Century Novel:

Mary Shelley: Frankenstein

Sense and Sensibility

Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice

Emma

Charlotte : Jane Eyre

the Bronte sisters Emily: Wuthering Heights

Ann

Elizabeth Gaskell : North and South

Oliver Twist

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