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1、Introduction 前言 2、Experimental 实验 1. Results and discussion

3.1. Ba2TiSi2O8nanocrystals: formation and volume fraction

Fig. 1. XRD patterns at room temperature for the precursor BTS glass and crystallized (at 770 and 7908C for 1 h) samples. All XRD peaks are assigned to the fresnoite Ba2TiSi2O8crystalline phase. The optical photographs for the samples are included.

Fig. 2.SEM photograph for the sample obtained by a heat-treatment at 7708C for 1 h. The sample was etched chemically for 5 min with a solution of 1N-HNO3. 3.2. Bulk elastic properties

Fig. 3.TEM photograph for the sample obtained by a heat-treatment at 7708C for 1h. Table 1

Elastic properties evaluated using a cube resonance method for the BTS (40BaO–20TiO2–40SiO2) glass and heat-treated samples.dis the density, Vmis the molar volume,fis the volume fraction of BTS (Ba2TiSi2O8) nanocrystals,Vs , Vl, and Vmare shear, longitudinal, and mean sound velocities, respectively, E is the Young’s modulus,Gis the shear modulus,Kis the bulk modulus,vis the Poisson’s ratio,uDis the Debye temperature, andFdis the fractal bond connectivity.

Fig. 4.Values of the Young’s modulus and Debye temperature evaluated using a cube resonance method as a function of the volume fraction of Ba2TiSi2O8 nanocrystals for the glass–ceramics. 3.3. Deformation behavior in Vickers indentation Table 2

Fig. 5.Photographs for the precursor BTS glass and glass–ceramics (heat-treated at 7908C for 1 h: the volume fraction of BTS nanocrystals = 54.5%) obtained by Vickers indentations with a load of 9.8 N

3.4. Mechanism of deformation in Vickers indentation

Fig. 6.Values of the Vickers hardness and indentation fracture toughness evaluated using a Vickers indentation technique as a function of the volume fraction of Ba2TiSi2O8nanocrystals for the glass–ceramics.

Fig. 7.Correlation between the fracture surface energy and brittleness evaluated using a Vickers indentation technique for the glass–ceramics with Ba2TiSi2O8 nanocrystals.

2. Conclusions结论 Acknowledgements 3. References参考文献