词汇学模拟试卷1及答案(3)

6

5. Context is used in different senses. In a narrow sense, it refers to the words, clauses, sentence, in which a word appears. This is known as linguistic context which may cover a paragraph, a whole chapter and even the whole book. In a broad sense, it includes the physical situation as well. This is called

extra-linguistic context, which embraces the people, time, place, and even the whole cultural background.

V．论述题

1. 1) Each of the three words consists of three morphemes: idealistic (ideal + ist + ic), antecedent (ante + ced + ent), lighthouses (light + house + s).

2) Of the nine morphemes, “ideal”, “light” and “house” are free morphemes, but all the rest –ist, -ic, ante-, -ced-, -ent and –s are bound morphemes. Of the six bound morphemes, -ist, -ic, ante- and –ent are derivational morphemes and –s is an inflectional morpheme, while –ced- is a bound root.

3) Free morphemes which are independent of other morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences, but bound morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are bound to others to form new words.

2. 1) The relationship between some words used in the two given sentences is hyponymy.

2) In the first sentence, “trees”, “water” and “place” are all superordinates while “old elms”, “lake” and “cabin” in the second sentence are all subordinates compared with the corresponding expressions in the previous sentence.

3) The second sentence is clearer than the first one because subordinates are vivid, precise and concrete.

7