3 chapter2 contrastive studies of E & C

英美文化差异

English-Chinese Translation Lecture 3Chapter 3, 4 & 5 Contrastive Studies of E & CLecturer:Seo (徐英)Wednesday, April 29, 2015

English College

英美文化差异

Contrastive Studies of English and Chinese

Wednesday, April 29, 2015

English College

英美文化差异

Distinctive features between English & Chinese

1.Synthetic vs Analytic 综合语与分析语 A synthetic language is characterized by frequent and systematic use of inflected forms(曲折变化形式，词尾变化的 词语) to express grammatical relationships. 运用形态变化来表达语法关系: tenses, numbers, degrees, voices... An analytic language is marked by a relatively frequent use of function words, auxiliary verbs, and changes in word order to express syntactic relations, rather than of inflected forms. 不用形态变化，而用词序及虚词变化来表达语法关系。 http://www.77cn.com.cn/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=547 631 Reference reading:连淑能《英汉对比研究》

Wednesday, April 29, 2015

English College

英美文化差异

2. Rigid vs Supple 刚性与柔性 English fixed S-V structure rigid S-V concord (主谓协调一致): five basic patterns: SV, SVP, SVO, SVoO, and S VOC, and therefore rigid but easy to command. Chinese free and flexible structure and therefore supple but hard to control.Wednesday, April 29, 2015 English College

英美文化差异

E.g. 文章翻完了。(受事主语)这锅饭能吃十个人；一匹马骑两个人；我盖了两床被子.. The essay has been translated. 全市到处在兴建新工厂。 (地点主语) New factories are being built all over the city. 现在正下着毛毛细雨。 (时间主语) It is drizzling at the moment. 累得我站不起来了。(无主句) I am so exhausted that I can’t stand up. The predicate of a Chinese sentence can be so varied & complicated: 天高云淡。(形容词作谓语) The sky is high and the clouds are thin. 他出国留学去了。 (连动式谓语) He has gone abroad for further studies. 我介绍他加入协会。 (兼语式谓语) I recommended him for membership of the association. 这项合同经理要签名。 (主谓词组作谓语) This contract should be signed by the manager. 救火、晒太阳、养病、你想死我了......Wednesday, April 29, 2015 English College

英美文化差异

3. Concrete vs AbstractChinese (Confucian Culture ) : Human beings as the center, human-oriented,full of humanism concrete,specific words; metaphors Westerners (Christian Culture ):Objects as the important part abstract diction and nominalization 汉语民族：主体思维(subjective)、形象思维(figurative) 英语民族：客体思维(objective)、抽象思维(abstract)Wednesday, April 29, 2015 English College

英美文化差异

Concrete vs Abstract1. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令

我特别神 往。 2. A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial. 从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪 念馆的全景。 3. The actual date of the completion of the purchase should coincide with the availability of the new facilities. 等新设备一到，就采购(原材料)。Wednesday, April 29, 2015 English College

英美文化差异

Practice

Concrete vs Abstract

3. He had surfaced with less visibility in the policy decision. (B.Barnhart, P55) 在决策过程中，他已经不那么抛头露面了。 4. She wondered whether her outspokenness might be a liability to Franklin. (The Glory and the Dream) 她怀疑自己那么心直口快，是否会成为弗兰克林的包袱。 5. When young he quitted his home and traveled to the metropolis, which he reached in a state of almost utter destitution. 年青时，他背井离乡，来到这个大都市，那时他几乎身无分文。 6. He was open now to charges of wilful blindness. 这时人们都指责他装聋作哑。 7. I talked to him with brutal frankness. 我对他说的话，虽然逆耳，却是忠言。 8. But all the rules of self-preservation were broken. 但明哲保身的金科玉律统统被打破了。 9. You are in serious trouble. 你吃不了兜着走。Wednesday, April 29, 2015 English College

英美文化差异

4. Impersonal vs Personal English Impersonal (subject): Passive, sentences begin with introductory, abstract nouns as subjects Chinese Personal: Active, personal (animate) subjects, subjectomittedWednesday, April 29, 2015 English College

英美文化差异

Impersonal vs Personal1. The idea of love never entered into the head of the old man, but his young daughter at present thought of

nothing else. 译文：老人的脑子里从没想过爱情，但他年轻的女儿此刻除了爱情就没想别的。

评述：翻译这类句子时应将介词的宾语作主语，原文的主

语转译成宾语。如果我们将其直译成汉语为：“爱情的念头从来没有进入过老人的脑子里，但他年轻的女儿此刻除 了爱情就没想旁的。”就不是地道的汉语句子了，而是典 型的欧化汉语。Wednesday, April 29, 2015 English College

英美文化差异

Impersonal vs Personal2.Right now it strikes me that it is a mission by no

means easy to complete.译文：现在我深感到，这绝不是一个容易完成的任务。

评述：翻译这类句子时应把原文的宾语译作主语，而把原文的主语译作宾语。如果我们将其直译成汉语为：

“现在这绝不是一个容易完成的任务打击了我。”就不是地道的汉语句子了。

Wednesday, April 29, 2015

English College

英美文化差异

The early 1600’s saw the beginning of a great tide of emigration from Europe to North America. 17世纪初期，移民的大潮流开始从欧洲流到美洲。 The 1970s brought a decline in eating out , but the 1980s , especially in homes where both parents

were working , brought a big increase in the demand for many types of restaurants. 七十年代到外面就餐的人减少了, 但到了80 年代,特别是在那些父母双亲都在外工作的家庭中, 人们对多种形式 餐馆的需求有了很大增长。 The curiosity shop detained him for almost three hours. 他在古玩店呆了大约三个小时，因而耽搁了。 The very spot always reminded him of the accident which took away Sylvia ’s life. 每回看到这个地方，他 …… 此处隐藏：4719字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……