设计脱丙烯精馏塔 原材料

毕业设计(论文)

设计脱丙烯精馏塔

目 录

摘要…………………………………………………………1 1. 前言……………………………………………………..4 2.脱丙烯精馏塔工艺计算…………………………………7 2.1全塔物料平衡计算…………………………………….7 2.2确定塔操作条件……………………………………….8 2.2.1回流罐压力确定……………………………………..8 2.2.2确定塔顶温度………………………………………..9 2.2.3塔底温度的求定……………………………………..9 2.2.4进料温度的求定……………………………………10 2.3回流比及理论塔板数的求定…………………………11 2.3.1求取相对挥发度……………………………………11 2.3.2求最小回流比Rmin….………………………………11 2.3.3求定最少理论塔板数………………………………13 2.3.4计算实际回流比R及理论塔板数…………………14 2.3.5确定实际塔板数及进料板位置……………………15 2.3.5.1计算全塔平均板效率…………………………….15 2.3.5.2计算实际塔板数…………………………………15 2.3.5.3计算精馏段实际塔板数和进料板位置

的确定…………………………………………………………15 精馏塔设计计算草图…………………………………18

3.浮阀塔板设计计算…………………………………….19 3.1选取设计塔板…………………………………………19 3.2气体摩尔流量的计算…………………………………19 3.2.1根据恒摩尔流假定求摩尔流量……………………19 3.2.2求定气体的压缩因子Z……………………………19 3.2.3求气体体积流量……………………………………20 3.2.4求气体密度…………………………………………20 3.3计算液体的密度及流量………………………………20 3.3.1液体密度的计算……………………………………21

3.3.2计算液体的体积流量………………………………22 3.4求定液体表面张力σm………………………………22 3.5初选塔径………………………………………………22 3.5.1求上限空塔气速umax………………………………22 3.5.2计算空塔气速………………………………………22 3.5.3初算塔径……………………………………………23 3.6选取塔径及实际空塔气速……………………………23 3.6.1根据浮阀塔直径系列标准圆整……………………23 3.6.2实际空塔气速的求取………………………………23 3.7计算塔截面积…………………………………………23 3.8计算塔的有效高度……………………………………23 3.9塔板设计………………………………………………23

3.9.1

确定塔板溢流形式…………………………………23

3.9.2确定降液管的结构形式……………………………23 3.9.3塔板四区尺寸的确定………………………………24 3.9.4初算浮阀个数………………………………………25 3.9.5确定浮阀排列方式及实际浮阀个数………………25 3.9.6核算阀孔动能因数及孔速…………………………26 3.9.7计算塔板开孔率……………………………………26 3.10塔板的水力学计算…………………………………26 3.10.1气体通过浮阀塔板的压强降……………………26 3.10.2淹塔（液泛）………………………………………27 3.10.3雾沫夹带……………………………………………28 3.11塔板负荷性能图………………………………………29 3.11.1泄漏线………………………………………………29 3.11.2液相负荷下限线……………………………………29 3.11.3液相负荷上限线……………………………………29

3.11.4液泛线………………………………………………30 3.11.5雾沫夹带线（上限）………………………………31 浮阀塔板设计计算结果及符号意义一览表…………31 浮阀阀孔排列图………………………………………33 浮阀塔板布置图…………………………………………34

浮阀塔板负荷性能图…………………………………35 4.技术分析…………………………………………………36 5.结束语…………………………………………………36 6.参考文献…………………………………………………37

English Summary：

Oil is an important substance used in developing national economy and construction . It can produce various products and has many purposes . The produce and the development of fine chemical industry are closely related to the life of the people and to the other produce movement . Relatively , the organic chemical material industry of our country developed late , but as new fields developed and new oil-refining factories constructed gradually , the use of the resources of natural gas has achieved a remarkable development .

Propylene is one of the important chemical industry material , a

half of its produce outputs are used to make chemical industry products in America , then the reaction’s product between the rest and isobutane is alkane chemical compound demanded in petroleum . Plenty of chemical industry products are all come from propylene . For instance , polypropylene, acrylic acid , acrylonitrile , ethyiene oxide and acetone and so on .

Now , most of gas-seperating device of oil-refining factory are still using the seperation of distillation . Distillation is the unit operation of seperating liquids compounds . Its basic theory is applying the differences of eyery seperated part’s volatility , that is , under the same pressure , they are seperated as the different boiling point .

Column device is a device that can realize distillation’s chance between gases and liquids , widely used in chemical industry , petrochemical industry and others . Its constructure style basicly can be pided into two types-board column and fioat-valve column .Board column is a device that complete the transmition between gases and liquids through touch , and floatvalve column’s advantages are the strong produce capacity and the large elasticity of operation , because the plate dfficiency is very high , the pressure drop from air to liquid level is relative small , and its cost is cheaper , float-valve column has become the most widely useful column type .

Our country’s petrochemical industry developed rapidly these years , but because of the original low foundation , the duties lie before our petroleum workers are still heavy , we must insist on maintain independence , self-reliance , comprehensive utilization , overall improvement , work hard , are determined to catch up with the advanced level of the world , and build the more beautiful

country . 中文摘要：

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