2011届中考英语语法专题复习29

宾语从句The Object Clause

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The object clause 宾语从句 定义：复合句中，放在动词或 介词后充当宾语的句子叫宾 语从句。

1.Could you please tell me if David Smith comes? 2.Could you please tell me whether Jane comes or not? 3.Could you please tell me who will bring food? 4.Could you please tell me what we need to buy? 5.Could you please tell me when the party starts? 6.Could you please tell me where the party is? 7.Could you please tell me how we can get there? 8.Could you please tell me which bus we should take?Let’s go to the party together, let’s have a good time.

宾语从句三要素：一、引导词 二、语序

三 、时态四、if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的 区别 五、宾语从句的反意疑问句

六、否定转移

宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型： 一、引导词(看从句)

从句是陈述句 (口语中常省略) that if/whether(是否) 从句是一般疑问句 wh/how(即特殊疑问词) 从句是特殊疑问句

We know (that)we should learn from each other. Please tell me if/whether you have been to America. Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? 引导词是从句的一个成份，所以用哪个引导 词，看从句成份是 否完整，不完整，一定是特殊疑问句。完整，判断主句语气， 是疑问语气，用if/whether; 是肯定语气，用that.

If/whether(是否)的区别 一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以 下4种情况只能用whether: ①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided. ②在介词前：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain. ③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not. ④做主语从句：Whether he is right 主语 isn’t important.

从句是特殊疑问句, 当主句的主语或宾语与 从句主语是一致, 可简化成: 特殊疑问词+to do. Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office? Can you tell me how to get to the nearest post office?

1.填写合适的引导词1 Can you tell me______you were born, Betty? C A. who B. what C. when D. that 2 I don't know ___ they have passed the exam. B A. what B. if C. when D. where 3 I hardly understand. ___ he has told me. B A. that B. what C. which D. who 4 She didn't know___ back soon. A A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be 5. I don't know ___ he still lives here after so many years. A A. whether B where C. what D. when A 6. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how 7. He asked me _____told me the accident. C A whom B which C who D whose 8. He asked his friend _______ to go there or not. B A. if B whether C. what D. that

2:用that, if/whether, how,where,what,….等 连接词填空.that 1.I hear_____ they will visit our school next week. who 2.Do you know_____ the girl is?how 3.Could you tell me _____I can get to the park? that 4

.We thought ______you had never been there before . where 5.Please tell me_______ you live. if/whether 6.Mother asked me ___________ I had finished my homework.

7.Do you know_____ she is angry? why 8.The teacher asked_____ your name was. what

9.Tom is ten.I want to know _________ you are. how old10.He asked you_______ you were a student or not. whether

二、语序

陈述句语序即：连词+主语+谓语动词

①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈 述语序。如： He is an honest boy. The teacher said.→ The teacher said(that)he was an honest boy. ②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序 变为陈述语序。如：Does he work hard?I wonder.→ I wonder if he works hard. 或I wonder whether he works hard. When did he leave?I don’t know. → I don’t know when he left. What’s the matter?(怎么了?)等,在作宾语从句时,语序不变. 如: Could you tell me what’s the matter? 可以告诉我怎么了吗?

3. 下列宾语丛句的语序是否正确。1. I think that he will come to China next year. √

2. I want to know if he was at home yesterday. √

3. Can you tell me where does your mother work?your mother works

4. Do you know who can answer the question? √5. Please tell us where is the hospital? the hospital is

三、时态

(看主句)

①如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。 will come 如：I have heard(that)he __________(come) back next week. ②如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过 去的某种时态。We wonder when he _______(start) learning English. started

如：He said(that)there ______(be) no classes yesterday. were He told me he _______(can) swim. could The teacher asked him what he ____________(do) at seven. was doing My friend asked me when I ____________ (leave) for Beijing. would leave 或 was leaving had been He told me that he _______________(be) to Shanghai.

goes Could you tell me how he ________(go) to school every day?

注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不 管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。 如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.

4.时态练习1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with A them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take 2 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou. D A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been 3 Could you tell me whether they___ dictation today. C A. had B. has . C. will have D. are 4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some. B A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may 5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth. C A. traveled B. has traveled C. travels D. had traveled Could you tell me+宾语从句？表达的是委婉 的语气，是一般现在时。

四、if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别 主要从汉语意思去区别，重点是时态运

用。 是否 1. 宾语从句: if

when 什么时候(即特殊疑问词) 从句时态根据句意而定 2.状语从句: 条件状语从句 if 如果 时间状语从句 when 当……时 时态: 主句一般将来时/一般现在时/祈使句/含情 态动词, 从句一般现在时. 主句一般过去时,从句一般过去时.