回鹘文《金光明经》及其忏悔思想

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回鹘文《金光明经》及其忏悔思想

杨富学

作者简介：杨富学，1965年生，河南省邓州市人。敦煌研究院民族宗教文化研究所所长、研究员，西北民族大学历史文化学院教授、硕士生导师。主要从事西域、敦煌出土回鹘文文献及其相关历史文化的研究。

内容提要：《金光明经》是古代回鹘佛教徒最为推崇的经典之一，西域、河西诸地出土大量写本。其中最为著名的是酒泉文殊沟出土的内容比较完整的本子。该文献于康熙二十六年（1687）抄写于敦煌，是现知回鹘文文献中时代最晚的抄本。《金光明经》最突出的思想是忏悔灭罪除恶观点。10世纪左右回鹘著名翻译家胜光法师在翻译《金光明经》入回鹘文时，是以唐义净译《金光明最胜王经》为底本的，但有意地将北凉昙无谶译《金光明经》之第四卷中出现的《忏悔灭罪金光明经冥报传》全文移入序文之中。由这些可以看出，金光明忏在回鹘中是相当流行的，极大地刺激了回鹘忏悔思想的发展。学者们通过研究发现，回鹘人之忏悔内容与方式，在印度、中亚、中原乃至吐蕃的佛教中一般是看不到的，故很有可能是受摩尼教忏悔思想与礼仪形式的影响所致。

关键词：回鹘文 《金光明经》 忏悔思想

Uighur versions of the Sutra of Golden Light and philosophy on

confession

Yang Fuxue

Biography: Yang Fuxue, born in 1965, from Zhengzhou in Henan province, director of institute for research on ethnicity religion and culture at the Dunhuang Academy, researcher, lecturer at the History and Culture college at the Northwest nationalities university, tutor of Masters students. He undertakes research in Uighur documents from Xinjiang and Dunhuang and related history and culture.

Abstract: The Sutra of Golden Light is one of the most revered sutras by ancient/medieval Uighur Buddhists, and many copies have been excavated in Xinjiang and the Hexi corridor. One of the best known was excavated from Wenshugou in Jiuquan, Gansu province. This manuscript was copied in Dunhuang in Kangxi year 26 (1687), and is currently the latest known Uighur manuscript. The most salient thought in the Sutra of Golden Light is confession and the eradication of sin/evil. Around the 10th century, when the renowned Uighur translator ingqo äli Tutung was translating the Sutra of Golden Light into Uighur, his translation was based on the Tang translator Yijing’s Chinese version of the Suvaraprabhāsottamasūtra. However he intentionally inserted the fourth

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chapter on confession and the extinguishing of sin of the Northern Liang Dharmaraksha translation of the Sutra of Golden Light. From this it can be seen that confession in the Sutra of Golden Light was widely practised among the Uighurs, which greatly stimulated the development of confession thought among the Uighurs. Scholars have found that the content and manner of confession among the Uighurs is not usually found in Buddhism in India, Central Asia, central China or even Tibet. Thus it is very possible that the culture of confession among the Uighurs was influenced by ideas on confession in Manicheanism and [Confucian] ceremony and propriety.

Key words: Confession in the Uighur version of the Sutra of Golden Light