国际商务英语-名词解释[1].doc___

International business : refer to transaction between parties from different countries

Visible trade : exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another International

investment

:

supplying capital by residents of one country to another FDI( foreign direct investments) is made of returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country. Portfolio investment refers to purchase of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling . such financial assets may be stocks , bonds or certificates of deposit . Franchising , a firm called the franchisee , is allowed to operate in the name of another , called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names , logos , and operating techniques for royalty .

Turnkey project , a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing , contracting

and

facility

equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion . BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey project where B stands for build , O for operate and T for transfer . For a BOT project , a firm operate a facility for a period of time after bulding it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company .

Customs union: A customs area extending

beyond

national

boundaries to include two or more independent nations is called a customs union Trade terms are terms used in international trade to describe the general information about the trade , such as the unit price port of shipment , port of destination and the kind of currency .

Protectionism is a trade barrier to international trade

for the

purpose of protecting a nation’s own domestic market and industries. It includes tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers . A multinational enterprise is a business organization which owns ,controls and manages assets , in more than one country , through its member companies incorporated .

Per capita GNP refers to the total value of the goods and services per man provided by all kinds of sectors during a certain period ( a year , a quarter , etc )

Force majeure is a default of the contract which is given rise to not because of the contracting parties’ default , but of the uncontrollable causes . One type of the cause is the natural force and the other is social cause . Drawer : The person who draws the bill of exchange is called the drawer .

Proximate cause of loss : When an insurance policy is made out to cover a certain risk , a claim becomes payable only if the risk occurred as the proximate cause of the loss suffered . The proximate cause is the direct cause of the loss .

Shortfall means the shortage of amount or values of certain goods .

Tariff concession list : It refers to the list of commodities on which the deduced tariff rate is stipulated

Compound duty : a type of tariff levied

according

both the

amounts and the prices of the commodities .

Customs cleance: as to customs clearance , for ordinary imported goods , the customs will sign on the shipping documents to release the goods . But for some particular duty –free goods or bonded goods , the customs still have control over it after the consignee acknowledged the receipt of shipment

Insurance is a social device in which a group of inpiduals transfer risk and provide a payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk . Insurance is a risk transfer mechanism. Those who transfer risk are called insured . Those who assume risk are called insurers.

Standby arrangements That’s the standby credit arrangement given by IMF to its member countries .

Escape clause It’s a clause of contemporary canceling of the preferential tariff when some domestic industries are damaged because

in

bilateral

and

multilateral negotiations and agreements there are excessive importing

commodities

that

enjoy the deduction of tariff and

other trade allowance for the contracting parties .

Non-trade settlement mainly means the settlement which occurs not because of trade between the trading parties , but of the other reasons such as the government agreement . Intermediate

products

are

products which are not the same as the raw materials or as the finished goods . They can called semi-finished products . Counter trade is the generic terms to describe a set of cross border contracts which link a seller’s exports to imports from the buyer .

Intra-MNE transfer refers to the transfer among the different units within the range and under the control of MNC

Fair trade refers to the trade conducted by two parties on the equal treatment.

Beneficiary : The exporter in whose favour the credit is opened Consular visa is a visa signed by one country’s consul in another country when the visaed subject is about to go through the customs between these two countries .

Incoterms are short for the international

rules

for

interpretation of trade terms , the purpose of it is to provide a set of international

rules

for the interpretation of

the

most

commonly used trade terms in foreign trade . Thus , the uncertainties

of

different

interpretation of such terms in different countries

can be

avoided or at least reduced to a considerable degree .

Contribution : A person can not be allowed to insure twice for the same

risk

,

and

claim

compensation from both insurers . If two policies do cover the same event the insurance companies contribute pro rata to the loss, and the insured is only restored to the indemnity position . The most favoured nation clause : It is most effective method to avoid the damage by bilateral talks to the world trade . Countr …… 此处隐藏：7470字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……