初二英语下册知识点(人教版)(2)

D. 作宾语补足语——tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。

【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to：“一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)”。

E. 动词不定式作状语

主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “为了，目的是”。常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。

F. 固定句式中动词不定式的用法 常见的形式有：

had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth.?等。

Unit 3 Could you please clean your room

Could you please...?句型

（1）请求别人时通常用此句型，也可以说：Can you...please?情态动词could或can在这里均表示请求，在意思上无区别，但是用could在于其上显得更委婉、客气、诚恳。在日常生活中常使用could you/I...?若在句末加上please，则显得更礼貌。

Could you help me find my book,please?你能帮我找到我的书吗？

（2）对could you/I...?的问句作出肯定回答，常用“sure/certainly/of course”等；如果作否定回答，常用“sorry或oh,please don’t”。 一般不用no开头，用no显得语气生硬、不礼貌。

（3）表示请求的句式：

Would you like to do...?Would you mind doing...?Let’s do....Shall I/we do...?

Please do...(祈使句前加please)

提示：could you please...与could I Please...两种问句，前者是请求别人帮忙的句式，后者是有礼貌地向别人请求允许的交际用语。试比较：

Could you please help me?请你帮我一下好吗？

Could I please invite my friends to my birthday party,Mom? 妈妈， 我能邀请我的朋友参加我的生日聚会吗？

Unit 4 Why don't you talk to your parents?

1.提建议向别人发出邀请，请求，建议，或征求某人的意见的其他表达方式：How /what about doing sth.?（about是个介词，可跟名词或动名词）“?怎么样？”

You’d better (not) do something.“你最好（不）做某事”

Would you like sth ??:“你想要某物Let?s do sth??

What should I do ?? ( should表示请求、征询对方意见)

2.学会谈论问题和学会用why don't you?提建议向别人发出邀请，请求，建议，或征求某人的意见的表达方式： Why don?t you do something? =Why not do something? 你为什么不做某事呢？ 来表示请求、征询对方意见

３．until, so that ,although引导的状语从句：

1)until：在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到??时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到??才??”, “在??以前不??”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。Don?t get off until the bus stops.

2）so that引导目的状语从句（为了，以便）例如：He studies hard so that he could work better in the future

3）although的用法意思相当于though（尽管，虽然），引导让步状语从句。引导的从句不能与并列连词but，and， so等连用，但可以和yet， still等词连用。 例如：Although he was tired, he went on working.尽管他很累，但是他继续工作。

Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came？

过去进行时

1. 基本概念：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的

动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外, 一般用时间状语来表示。

2. 结构 was / were ( not ) + 动词-ing

3. 句式

肯定式：

I/He/She/It was working. We/You/They/ were working.

否定式:

I/He/She/It was not working.

We/You/They/ were not working.

疑问式和简略回答:

Was I working? Yes, you were. No, you were not. Were you working? Yes, I was. No, I was not. Was he/she/it working? Yes, he/she/it was. No, he/she/it was not. Were we/you/they working? Yes, you/we/they were. No, you/we/they were not. 注：

1) was not常缩略为wasn’t; were not常缩略为weren’t。

2) 一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较: 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态, 而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。 例如:

David wrote a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。(信写完了。)

David was writing a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。(信不一定写完。)

4.过去进行时中的when和while

when, while 区别：

1) 由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时； 由while引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去进行时。

When the teacher came in, we were talking.

当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为： While we were talking, the teacher came in.

2)如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导。如：

They were singing while we were dancing.

Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains

1. unless引导条件状语从句

unless = if ? not ―除非，若不

They will go tomorrow unless it rains.

= They will go tomorrow if it doesn’t rains.

2. as soon as引导时间状语从句。 ―??就

He will come and see you as soon as he can.

3. so.......that引导结果状语从句

句型1：主语+谓语+so+形容词/副词+that从句

The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.

句型2： so +形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that从句

It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.

句型3. so + many/ few + 复数名词 + that从句

He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.

句型4： so +much/ little + 不可数名词 + that 从句

I had so little money that I couldn’t buy a pen.

Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world?

形容词副词的原级、比较级和最高级

（一）原级句型：

1. A is as+原级+ as+ B 表示A 与B一样?eg: He is as tall as me.

2.A is not as/so +原级+ as B表示A不如B?eg:He is not as tall as me.

3.只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too，so, enough, pretty等

例如，He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。

（二）比较级句型

可以修饰比较级的词，much，a lot，far，?的多a little，a bit，?一点儿 even甚至，still仍然

Eg. Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。

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