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DiMo:DistributedNodeMonitoringinWireless

SensorNetworks

AndreasMeier ,MehulMotani ,HuSiquan ,andSimonKünzli

ComputerEngineeringandNetworksLab,ETHZurich,Switzerland

Electrical&ComputerEngineering,NationalUniversityofSingapore,Singapore

SiemensBuildingTechnologies,Zug,Switzerland

ABSTRACT

Safety-criticalwirelesssensornetworks,suchasadistributed re-orburglar-alarmsystem,requirethatallsensornodesareupandfunctional.Ifaneventistriggeredonanode,thisinformationmustbeforwardedimmediatelytothesink,withoutsettinguparouteondemandorhavingto ndanalternaterouteincaseofanodeorlinkfailure.Therefore,failuresofnodesmustbeknownatalltimesandincaseofadetectedfailure,animmediatenoti cationmustbesenttothenetworkoperator.Thereisusuallyaboundedtimelimit,e.g., veminutes,forthesystemtoreportnetworkornodefailure.ThispaperpresentsDiMo,adistributedandscalablesolutionformonitoringthenodesandthetopology,http://doc.guandang.netparedtoexistingsolutions,whichtraditionallyassumeacontinuousdata- owfromallnodesinthenetwork,DiMoobservesthenodesandthetopologylocally.DiMoonlyreportstothesinkifanodeispotentiallyfailed,whichgreatlyreducesthemessageoverheadandenergyconsump-tion.DiMotimelyreportsfailednodesandminimizesthefalse-positiverateandenergyconsumptioncomparedwithotherprominentsolutionsfornodemonitoring.

CategoriesandSubjectDescriptors

C.2.2[NetworkProtocols]:WirelessSensorNetwork

GeneralTerms

Algorithms,Design,Reliability,Performance

Keywords

Lowpower,Nodemonitoring,Topologymonitoring,WSN

1.INTRODUCTION

Drivenbyrecentadvancesinlowpowerplatformsandprotocols,wirelesssensornetworksarebeingdeployedto-daytomonitortheenvironmentfromwildlifehabitats[1]

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tomission-critical re-alarmsystems[5].Thereare,how-ever,stillsomeobstaclesinthewayformassapplicationofwirelesssensornetworks.Oneofthekeychallengesisthemanagementofthewirelesssensornetworkitself.With-outapracticalmanagementsystem,WSNmaintenancewillbeverydi cultfornetworkadministrators.Furthermore,withoutasolidmanagementplan,WSNsarenotlikelytobeacceptedbyindustrialusers.

OneofthekeypointsinthemanagementofaWSNisthehealthstatusmonitoringofthenetworkitself.Nodefailuresshouldbecapturedbythesystemandreportedtoadminis-tratorswithinagivendelayconstraint.DuetotheresourceconstraintsofWSNnodes,traditionalnetworkmanagementprotocolssuchasSNMPadoptedbyTCP/IPnetworksarenotsuitableforsensornetworks.Inthispaper,wecon-sideralight-weightnetworkmanagementapproachtailoredspeci callyforWSNsandtheiruniqueconstraints.

Currently,WSNdeploymentscanbecategorizedbytheirapplicationscenario:data-gatheringapplicationsandevent-detectionapplications.Fordata-gatheringsystems,healthstatusmonitoringisquitestraightforward.Monitoringin-formationcanbeforwardedtothesinkbyspeci chealthstatuspacketsorembeddedintheregulardatapackets.Ad-ministratorscanusuallydiagnosethenetworkwithahelperprogram.NUCLEUS[6]isoneofthenetworkmanagementsystemsfordata-gatheringapplicationofWSN.Sinceevent-detectiondeploymentsdonothaveregulartra ctosendtothesink,thesolutionsfordata-gatheringdeploymentsarenotsuitable.Inthiscase,healthstatusmonitoringcanbequitechallengingandhasnotbeendiscussedexplicitlyintheliterature.

Inanevent-detectionWSN,thereisnoperiodicdatatrans-fer,i.e.,nodesmaintainradiosilenceuntilthereisaneventtoreport.Whilethisisenergye cient,itdoesmeanthatthereisnopossibilityforthesinktodecidewhetherthenet-workisstillupandrunning(andwaitingforaneventtobedetected)orifsomenodesinthenetworkhavefailedandarethereforesilent.Furthermore,forcertainmilitaryap-plicationsorsafety-criticalsystems,thespeci cationsmayincludeahardtimeconstraintforaccomplishingthenodehealthstatusmonitoringtask.

Inanevent-detectionWSN,thesystemmaintainsanet-worktopologythatallowsforforwardingofdatatoasinkinthecaseofanevent.Eventhoughthereisnoregulardatatransferinthenetwork,thenetworkshouldalwaysbereadytoforwardamessagetothesinkimmediatelywhen-evernecessary.Itisthisurgencyofdataforwardingthatmakesitundesirabletosetuparoutingtableandneighbor

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listaftertheeventhasbeendetected.Thelackofregulardatatransferinthenetworkalsoleadstodi cultyinde-tectingbadqualitylinks,makingitchallengingtoestablishandmaintainastablerobustnetworktopology.

Whilewehavementionedevent-detectionWSNsingen-eral,weaccentuatethatthedistributednodemonitoringproblemweareconsideringisinspiredbyareal-worldap-plication:adistributedindoorwirelessalarmsystemwhichincludesasensorfordetectionofaspeci calarmsuchas re(asstudiedin[5]).Toillustratethereportingrequire-mentsofsuchasystem,wepointoutthatregulatoryspeci- cationsrequirea retobereportedtothecontrolstationwithin10secondsandanodefailuretobereportedwithin5minutes[9].Thishighlightstheimportanceofthenode-monitoringproblem.

Inthispaper,wepresentasolutionfordistributednodemonitoringcalledDiMo,whichconsistsoftwofunctions:(i)Networktopologymaintenance,introducedinSection2,and(ii)Nodehealthstatusmonitoring,introducedinSec-tion3.WecompareDiMotoexistingstate-of-the-artnodemonitoringsolutionsandevaluateDiMoviasimulationsinSection4.

1.2RelatedWork

1.1DesignGoals

DiMoisdevelopedbasedonthefollowingdesigngoals: Insafetycriticaleventmonitoringsystems,thestatusofthenodesneedstobemonitoredcontinuously,allow-ingthedetectionandreportingofafailednodewithinacertainfailuredetectiontimeTD,e.g.,TD=5min. Ifanodeisreportedfailed,acostlyon-siteinspectionisrequired.Thismakesitofparamountinteresttodecreaset …… 此处隐藏：22762字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……