统计学(中英文)_ch01

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Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Chap 1-1

Business Statistics, A First Course4th Edition 商务统计Chapter 1 第一章 Introduction and Data Collection 介绍和数据采集Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Chap 1-2

Learning Objectives 学习目标In this chapter you learn: 在这一章中,你学习： How statistics is used in business 如何使用商务统计 The sources of data used in business 原始数据的使用 The types of data used in business 各种类型数据的使用Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Chap 1-3

Basic Concepts of Statistics 统计的基本概念Statistics is concerned with: 统计涉及： Processing and analyzing data 数据处理与分析 Collecting, presenting, and transforming data to assist decision makers 收集、展示和转换数据来协助决策者Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Chap 1-4

Key Definitions 关键定义A population (universe) is the collection of all members of a group 一个种群(领域)是所有成员的一组 A sample is a portion of the population selected for analysis 一个样本选择部分人口进行分析 A parameter is a numerical measure that describes a characteristic of a population 一个参数是一个数值的测量，描述了一个人口的特点 A statistic is a numerical measure that describes a characteristic of a sample 一个统计数值的测量，描述了一个例子的特点

Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Chap 1-5

Population vs. Sample 人口与样本Populationa b cd b gi o r yMeasures used to describe a population are called parameters 用来描述一个人口的措施称为 参数 Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Measures computed from sample data are called statistics 从样本计算数据的措施被称 为统计Chap 1-6

Samplec n u

ef gh i jk l m n o p q rs t u v w x y z

Two Branches of Statistics 统计的两大分支Descriptive statistics 描述性统计Collecting, summarizing, and presenting data 收集、汇总,并呈现数据

Inferential statistics 推断统计Drawing conclusions about a population based only on sample data 仅仅基于样本数据对人口的结论

Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Chap 1-7

Descriptive Statistics 描述性统计Collect data 收集数据 e.g., Survey 例如：调查 Present data 呈现数据 e.g., Tables and graphs 例如：表格和图表 Characterize data 描述数据 e.g., Sample mean = 例如：数据平均值=

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i

Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Chap 1-8

Inferential Statistics 推断统计Estimation 估计 e.g., Estimate the population mean weight using the sam

ple mean weight 例如：利用采样的平均重量估计人口的平均体 重 Hypothesis testing 假设检验 e.g., Test the claim that the population mean weight is 120 pounds 例如：根据测试的要求，人口平均体重是120 磅

Drawing conclusions about a population based on sample results. 根据人口样本的结果得出结论Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Chap 1-9

Collecting Data 收集数据Primary SourcesData Collection 收集数据的主要来源

Secondary SourcesData Compilation 二次文献资料整理 Print or Electronic

Observation 观察

Survey 调查

印刷品或电子产品

Experimentation 实验Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Chap 1-10

Types of Data 数据类型Data 数据

Categorical 绝对的Examples: 例如： 例如： Marital Status 婚姻状况 Political Party 政党 Eye Color 眼睛的颜色 (Defined categories) 定义类别) (定义类别)

Numerical 数值的 Discrete 离散的Examples: 例如： 例如： Number of Children 孩子的个数 Defects per hour 每小时的不合格产品 (Counted items) 数项) (数项)

Continuous 连续的Examples: 例如： 例如： Weight 体重 Voltage 电压 (Measured characteristics) 测量特点) (测量特点) Chap 1-11

Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Chapter Summary 章总结Reviewed basic concepts of statistics: 综述了统计的基本概念：

Population vs. Sample 人口与样本 Parameter vs. Statistic 参数与数值 Primary vs. Secondary data sources 初级的和次级的数据

Defined descriptive vs. inferential statistics 描述性统计和推理统计 Reviewed data types 回顾数据类型

Categorical vs. Numerical data 绝对的和数值的数据 Discrete vs. Continuous data 离散的和连续的数据

Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Chap 1-12